Part 4/9:
The allure of Marxism, as evidenced by texts like the Communist Manifesto, often overshadows hard facts and empirical evidence. Scholars attempting to challenge or refine prevailing economic and social theories frequently face significant backlash. Instead of rigorous debate, they encounter hostility that stifles discourse, particularly in prestigious academic circles. The environment fosters rather than mitigates the dominance of ideology over verifiable data, leading to a landscape in which rigorous hypothesis testing is underscored but underutilized.