Germany replaced almost all of it with gas from Netherlands, Norway and USA.
This is partially true.... The Netherlands have been the 1st nation to adopt natural gas in Europe, more than 100 years ago, and set a lot of standards for it, mostly because they found a NG source on their territory ... but this source is almost depleted now, and they are almost non producer .... what they have though is CNG terminals for ships to unload the gas... import infrastructure.... the top image with the price is from the TTF exchange in Netherlands, the main trading hub in EU.
Norway does have some NG in the seas, but still not enough.
The US are sending ships to Europe, but this is very market driven, if prices are better in Japan or China, the ships will go there.
Recently Germany signed an agreement with Qatar, that is the number one producer for NG in the world .... and this is huge... not sure about the quantities though.
One very important thing in the Germany NG infrastructure are the HUGE gas storages they have, and have added new ones in the last year, that give them a lot of flexibility to balance the demand.
And for the end, this winter has been a blessing for the EU with the hot weather, and the storages have remained full above 70%, that is crazy for this time of the year, and basically there is excess gas all over the place.
Countries all went with the worst case scenario, inflating prices massively and indeed now that the winter is quite warm, those buffers are very useful in bringing down the price
I was looking at the charts showing origin of gas compared to prewar numbers for Germany. That is what it shows atm.
How everything will unfold moving forward depends on their efforts, some that you mentioned here. Necessity always breeds action.
Well adding more storages and getting gas from Qatar and US is probably one of the most tangible things Germany has made.
Exactly, it's a very mild winter and people have been trimming down their usage to 80% of last year. Germany has a law in place that guarantees that energy prices 2023 will be the same as in 2022 for private households that remain below 80% of their previous year's consumption.