It is explained a great deal in the Light Paper. It is a mining algorithm similar to H-E miners.
As for the hosting, that too is rewarded when using HDD space on your device tied into IPFS. There are other infrastructure services that can be rewarded also.
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That means I can lend HDD space on my device?
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Yes you can. There is a part of the Light Paper that covers providing infrastructure.
In fact, it was the basic tenet. If you are part of the gardening community and at risk of being displaced by the different social media companies, you can start a community, have a token, and the other gardeners can host the content.
Of course, to host the videos about gardening will require some form of reward.
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