Key Notes:
Vowels: А, Е, Ё, И, О, У, Ы, Э, Ю, Я (10 vowels). Some (Е, Ё, Ю, Я) can indicate a "y" sound before the vowel depending on context.
Consonants: Most of the other letters are consonants, some of which (like Ж, Ш, Щ, Ч) have distinct sounds not found in English.
Signs: Ъ (hard sign) and Ь (soft sign) don’t have sounds of their own but modify the pronunciation of the preceding consonant.