In addition to these traditional innovation policy questions, the prospect for deep learning
raises a wide variety of other issues, including issues relating to privacy, the potential for bias
(deep learning has been found to reinforce stereotypes already present in society), and consumer
protection (related to areas such as search, advertising, and consumer targeting and monitoring).
The key is that, to the extent that deep learning is general-purpose, the issues that arise across
each of these domains (and more) will play out across a wide variety of sectors and contexts and
at a global rather than local level. Little analysis has been conducted that can help design
institutions that will be responsive at the level of application sectors that also internalize the
potential issues that may arise with the fact that deep learning is likely to be a GPT.
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