So when Earth rotates around the center of the Milky Way, it moves in a specific direction. Because of the Doppler shift, if a galaxy is rotating opposite to Earth’s movement, the light it emits gets slightly compressed.
This makes it appear brighter than galaxies moving in the same direction as Earth. This effect could explain why telescopes detect more galaxies rotating opposite to Earth’s motion than expected.
“If that is indeed the case, we will need to re-calibrate our distance measurements for the deep universe. The re-calibration of distance measurements can also explain several other unsolved questions in cosmology, such as the differences in the expansion rates of the universe and the large galaxies that, according to the existing distance measurements, are expected to be older than the universe itself,” Shamir concluded.