What models and companies are subject to these rules?
SB 1047’s rules would only apply to the world’s largest AI models: ones that cost at least $100 million and use 10^26 FLOPS (floating point operations, a way of measuring computation) during training. That’s a huge amount of compute, though OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said GPT-4 cost about this much to train. These thresholds could be raised as needed.
Very few companies today have developed public AI products large enough to meet those requirements, but tech giants such as OpenAI, Google, and Microsoft are likely to very soon. AI models — essentially, massive statistical engines that identify and predict patterns in data — have generally become more accurate as they’ve grown larger, a trend many expect to continue. Mark Zuckerberg recently said the next generation of Meta’s Llama will require 10x more compute, which would put it under the authority of SB 1047.