Early influences:
- Enlightenment thinkers who championed reason and scientific progress
- Science fiction writers exploring themes of human enhancement and technological evolution
1950s and 1960s:
- Julian Huxley coined the term "transhumanism" in his 1957 essay, describing it as "man remaining man, but transcending himself"
- Futurists like FM-2030 (born Fereidoun M. Esfandiary) began discussing "transhuman" concepts
1970s and 1980s:
- Development of fields like artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and biotechnology sparked more concrete discussions about human enhancement
- Cryonics movement gained traction, promoting the idea of preserving human bodies for future revival
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