Finally, it is possible that deep learning will change the nature of scientific and technical
advance itself. Many fields of science and engineering are driven by a mode of inquiry that
focuses on identifying a relatively small number of causal drivers of underlying phenomena built
upon an underlying theory (the parsimony principle as restated by Einstein states that theory
should be “as simple as possible but no simpler.”) However, deep learning offers an alternative
paradigm based on the ability to predict complex multi-causal phenomena using a “black box”
approach that abstracts away from underlying causes but that does allow for a singular prediction
index that can yield sharp insight.
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