What is Superconductivity?
Superconductivity is a phenomenon where electrical resistance inside a solid material drops to zero. This occurs when the material is cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically near absolute zero. The major theory that explains superconductors, known as the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer Theory (BCS), relies on special electron pairs held at low temperatures in the state of matter called Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC). According to BCS theory, superconductors require a specific arrangement of electrons and phonons (quantized sound waves) to achieve zero resistance.