In Duterte's case they were both hired "trolls" and passionate volunteers.
In the Philippines "professional troll", meaning a social media person/blogger operating with a client agenda, goes back to as early as a 2011 interview by a then still relevant media outlet. Now owned by a biz friend of Duterte.
A lot of blame goes to Russian farms nowadays but the locals here definitely also generate more than respectable output volumes in that fake news industry. Low wages, highly skilled in social media.
Even Pope likes Duterte. Lol. Trolling at another level. It is all financial. People like Ressa will not get protection because they don't bring as much money as their opponents. I believe the matter is handled strictly on monetary terms, ignoring fairness and the voice of reason