[ESP] DISEÑO DEL SISTEMA DE RIEGO POR GRAVEDAD PARA LA ZONA AGRÍCOLA DE GUACARAPA
[ENG] DESIGN OF THE GRAVITY IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR THE AGRICULTURAL AREA OF GUACARAPA
Buen día, hoy quiero compartir con ustedes otro de mis trabajos de campo que ejecute acompañado de mis colegas ingenieros hidráulicos, donde se nos solicito por parte de la Dirección de Promoción del Sector Agrícola del Municipio, realizar los estudios correspondientes para la elaboración de un proyecto de diseño para un sistema de riego que contribuya en el aumento de la cantidad de agua que beneficie a la zona campesina Guacarapa.
Good morning, today I want to share with you another of my fieldwork that I carry out accompanied by my colleagues hydraulic engineers, where we are asked by the Directorate of Promotion of the Agricultural Sector of the Municipality, to carry out the corresponding studies for the elaboration of a design project for an irrigation system that contributes to the increase in the amount of water that benefits the Guacarapa peasant area.
Este trabajo comenzó con la visita al área para observar el sitio de captación y poder recomendar el tipo de obra para almacenar el exceso de agua, tanto en condiciones normales como en temporadas de lluvia, y así contribuir con el volumen que produce la fuente y garantizar el suministro diario de las parcelas.
This work began with the visit to the area to observe the collection site and be able to recommend the type of work to store excess water, both in normal conditions and in rainy seasons, and thus contribute to the volume produced by the source and ensure the daily supply of the plots.
Para no hacer tan extensa está publicación, les mencionare los trabajos más relevantes para la obtención de información. 👇👇👇
In order not to make this publication so extensive, I will mention the most relevant works for obtaining information. 👇👇👇
- Durante la visita, se observó la infiltración entre las rocas de la montaña, estas rocas forma una pared natural en el sitio donde se encuentra la toma de agua, desde este punto se capta el agua que alimenta a la comunidad agrícola.
- During the visit, infiltration was observed among the rocks of the mountain, these rocks form a natural wall at the site where the water intake is located, from this point the water that feeds the agricultural community is captured.
- Se observo la perdida de una tubería de 12 m de longitud con diámetro de 6 pulgadas en hierro galvanizado por su alto nivel de corrosión. La función de esta tubería es llevar el agua desde la fuente hasta una estructura de captación (tanquilla de concreto) construida por los campesinos de la zona.
- The loss of a 12 m long pipe with a diameter of 6 inches in galvanized iron was observed due to its high level of corrosion. The function of this pipe is to bring the water from the source to a catchment structure (concrete tanquilla) built by the peasants of the area.
- Con el equipo GPS se definieron las coordenadas (UTM) y alturas de ubicación de la fuente de agua superficial, así como los puntos de referencia de cada una de las parcelas involucradas (18 parcelas), ademas, para este diseño se definió la ubicación para 4 tanques de almacenamiento.
- The GPS equipment defined the coordinates (UTM) and location heights of the surface water source, as well as the reference points of each of the plots involved (18 plots), in addition, for this design the location was defined for 4 storage tanks.
Una vez obtenida la información se realizaron todos los análisis correspondiente para la elaboración del proyecto final que describo a continuación:
Once the information was obtained, all the corresponding analyses were carried out for the elaboration of the final project described below:
- Se descargo al programa de Google Eart las coordenadas de cada uno de los puntos tomados durante la visita en campo. Esto nos permitió definir el diseño de distribución apropiado para el sistema de riego de la comunidad.
- The coordinates of each of the points taken during the field visit are downloaded to the Google Eart program. This allowed us to define the appropriate distribution design for the community irrigation system.
- Se definió el caudal que suministra la fuente de agua con los datos del aforo volumetrico realizado en la visita de campo.
- The flow rate supplied by the water source was defined with the volumetric capacity data made during the field visit.
- Se realizó un perfil longitudinal para conocer cuáles son los puntos críticos con respecto a la fuente de captación.
- A longitudinal profile was made to know what the critical points are with respect to the source of catchment.
- Para el cálculo del diámetro de tubería principal se evaluó la perdida de presiones en los nodos (entrada en las parcelas), llegando a un resultado de diámetro de 1 pulgada.
- For the calculation of the main pipe diameter, the loss of pressures on the nodes (entry into the parcels) was evaluated, reaching a diameter result of 1 inch.
- Se diseñó un cronograma de distribución de agua sectorizando las parcelas con el propósito de abastecer cada parcela con un caudal adecuado que aporta la fuente superficial. Para esto se considero los siguientes aspectos técnicos:
- A water distribution schedule was designed by sectorizing the plots in order to supply each plot with an adequate flow that provides the surface source. For this purpose the following technical aspects are considered:
👉 Actividad a desarrollar en la parcela (agrícola u óvino).
👉 Altura de terreno y desnivel desde la captación hasta cada parcela.
👉 Distancia de la fuente de agua.
👉 Actividad a desarrollar en la parcela (agrícola u óvino).
👉 Height of land and unevenness from the catchment to each plot.
👉 ;Distance from the water source.
Mejoras para el proceso de captación de agua. 👇👇👇
Improvements to the water collection process. 👇👇👇
- Se propone en el área de la fuente de agua levantar un muro mediante la colocación de bolsas de concreto de fácil transporte. Estas son diseñadas para que se endurezcan con la humedad de la fuente permitiendo formen una pared sólida.
- It is proposed in the area of the water source to erect a wall by placing easily transported concrete bags. These are designed to harden with moisture from the fountain allowing them to form a solid wall.
- En la salida de la fuente de agua se colocarán dos (2) tuberías de diámetro 1 pulgada cada una, la primera a nivel medio de la salida, y la segunda en el fondo, ambas se interconectarán. La tubería de fondo tendrá una salida lateral que se utilizará como limpieza de fondo.
- At the outlet of the water source two (2) pipes diameter 1 inch each, the first at the mid-level of the outlet, and the second at the bottom, both will be interconnected. The bottom pipe will have a side outlet that will be used as background cleaning.
- Se ha previsto cubrir el fondo de la fuente con lajas de piedra y los espacios entre ellas colocar concreto para disminuir la infiltración del agua.
- It is planned to cover the bottom of the fountain with stone sashes and the spaces between them place concrete to decrease the infiltration of the water.
A continuación se presenta el diseño del sistema.
The system design is presented below.
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Truly, it takes a lot of effort and engineering know-how plus experience to undergo an irrigation project like this! Well done! What were your most difficult challenges during the course of your work @manuelmilano?
[ENG]
Define the water requirement of plots. Projecting a properly functioning irrigation system is a complex process, typical of agronomes and agricultural engineers. For this I had to research a lot of related content on the web and talk to my colleagues, the agronomy engineers, to help me define these requirements. Several plant production factors (climate, soil, plant,...) need to be defined in order to obtain the water flow needed to meet the water needs of the crop.
The plant only uses a small part of the water available in its metabolic processes, the rest is lost by the perspiration of the plant itself and by evaporation in the soil, this phenomenon is known as crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The amount of water required for planting should be equal to the ETc thus compensating for such losses.
[ESP]
Definir el requerimiento de agua de las parcelas. Proyectar un sistema de riego que funcione correctamente es un proceso complejo, propia de agrónomos y de ingenieros agrícolas. Para esto debí investigar mucho contenido relacionado en la web y conversar con mis colegas, los ingenieros agrónomos, que me ayudaran a definir estos requerimientos. Se necesitan definir varios factores de producción vegetal (clima, suelo, planta,…) para poder obtener el caudal de agua necesario para cubrir las necesidades hídricas del cultivo.
La planta solo utiliza una pequeña parte del agua disponible en sus procesos metabólicos, el resto se pierde por la transpiración del propio vegetal y por evaporación en el suelo, este fenómeno se le conoce como evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc). La cantidad de agua necesaria para la plantación deberá ser igual a la ETc permitiendo así compensar dichas pérdidas.
Thank you @manuelmilano for enlightening us on your project challenges! Calculating the water requirements of the plots is a technical process that your team is surely capable of handling and solving. All the success to your project!
[ENG]
That's right, at first it was complicated but now that we know how to define those values, we give better results. Thank you for the support you give to my posts.
[ESP]
Así es, al principio fue complicado pero ahora que sabemos cómo definir esos valores, damos mejores resultados. Gracias por el apoyo que da a mis publicaciones.
Hi @manuelmilano! Great work of engineering! Another excellent service for the benefit of your region's peasant community and the environment! How far does your project team need to travel deep into the mountains or forests to gain access to the water source?
Awesome work @manuelmilano, yes I'm curious as well. It looks like you trekked quite a bit to get there.
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Hey, son @manuelmilano. Blessings for you. Everything you do is admirable. You and your team congratulate everyone and encourage them to move on. I love what you do because you help families in the countryside improve their quality of life. Never forget that we come into the world to serve our fellowmen so that we may all live well, in peace, with respect and cordiality. Dear son, I admire you, I am proud of you, as well as your other brothers and your mother. I love you. God loves the good works of his children. God bless you and always take care of you.
[ENG]
Thank you for your wonderful words, but all we do and are is thanks to the teachings that both you and our mother instilled in us in our childhood and in our daily lives. Thank you and infinite blessings. 🙏🙏🙏
[ESP]
Gracias por tus maravillosas palabras, pero todo lo que hacemos y somos es gracias a las enseñanzas que tanto tú y nuestra madre nos inculcaron en nuestra niñez y en nuestro día a día. Gracias e infinitas bendiciones. 🙏🙏🙏
Thank you, my son. We love you beyond infinity. Never forget your education and remember to proceed at all times with respect and dignity. Never forget the Cardinal Virtues: Prudence, Justice, Strength, and Temperance. As well as the theological virtues: Faith, Hope and Charity. Always remember the values of the son of God, Jesus of Nazareth: Justice, Freedom, Love and Peace. God bless, always care for, and protect you and continue to give you health, intelligence, and wisdom. Stay away from vices and excesses and remain the good, educated man you are.
That is some great knowledge display! I admire your content.
[ENG]
Thanks friend. I am pleased that you take the time to read my publications. Happy day. 👍
[ESP]
Gracias amigo. Me agrada que dedique suempo para leer mis publicaciones. Feliz día. 👍
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Que post tan bueno man
GRACIAS AMIGO.