Here’s how to demystify the transmission without even getting your hands dirty.
The biggest development in the scooter world began since the invention of Constantly Variable Transmission (CVT).
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Scooter engines, like all automotive engines, need gearboxes to make them more efficient at driving the vehicle. Without a gearbox, a scooter’s speed would be completely dependent on the engine speed as the ratio between the engine and the rear wheel would be fixed like an old single speed bicycle.
By operating the gear levers, you shifted the chain between the chainrings and changing the gearing. There were a lot to choose from, but the basic rule was a small gear at the front and a large gear at the back was low gearing, suitable for climbing hills and low speeds (because each pedal stroke caused less rotation at the rear wheel), while a large cog at the front and a small cog at the rear was the highest gear (because each pedal stroke turned the rear wheel more). Moving the chain from cog to cog required extra, spring loaded chain length to fit the different sized gears. While scooter transmissions run on the basic big cog/little cog premise but there are differences.
There are no separate gears and no extra length to the drive belt to accommodate gearshifts. That is how the transmission works as a Constantly Variable Transmission (CVT) system.
The front and rear cogs of your pushbike have been replaced by a pair of pulleys in your scooter, each pulley made up of two, conical, sliding halves with a fixed length belt running between them. The front pulley is driven by the engine, via gears from the crankshaft. The rear pulley drives the rear wheel, again via gears. In between that and the rear wheel is an automatic clutch,so the engine can idle when the Scooter is stopped.
It is the sliding nature of the pulleys that creates the really clever CVT. At rest, the front pulley halves are held open by springs, while the rear pulley halves are held shut. This gives the ‘small gear at the front and large gear at the back’ effect of the lowest gear on a 10-speed bicycle. As you accelerate, the front pulley halves close together and that forces the rear pulley halves apart. Remember, the belt that runs between the pulleys has a fixed length, so when the front pulley closes up, the belt has to force the rear pulley apart. When the front pulley halves are forced completely together, the rear ones are forced completely apart and then you have the large front cog and small rear cog of a 10-speed bicycle’s highest gear. The clever part is that, as the pulleys move apart and close together, the gearing shifts constantly so that two things happen: you never have to change gears; and you never find yourself in the wrong gear. Brilliant, huh? So how does the scooter know how to change gear? With another clever little piece of kit called the variator as shown !
This is a disc-shaped thingy that is fitted to the same shaft as the front pulley. It has a sloped section and carries a number of weighted rollers in a cage around the disc. As the assembly spins, these rollers react to centrifugal force and try to move outwards. As they do so, the assembly climbs the ramp and forces the front pulley closed, which in turn forces the rear pulley open and thus raises the gearing.
When you roll off the throttle, the centrifugal force is reduced and the spring loaded rollers drop back, allowing the front pulley to open slightly, which allows the belt to ride lower within the spring-loaded, sliding halves of the pulley, which in turn allows the rear pulley to close up and lower the gearing.
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It sounds complex to describe, but it makes riding a scooter far simpler than the old hand-shift set-up. And that’s a good thing, Be happy
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