The beginning of the emergence of robots can be known from the ancient Greeks who make the statue that can be moved - move. Around 270 BC, Ctesibus, a Greek engineer made the organs and water clocks with removable components. The time of Prophet Muhammad SAW too, has made a war machine that uses wheels and can throw bombs.
Wikipedia version: A robot is a mechanical device that can perform physical tasks, either using human control or control, or using pre-defined programs (artificial intelligence). Robots are usually used for heavy, dangerous, repetitive and dirty jobs. Usually most industrial robots used in manufacturing. The use of other robots includes cleaning of toxic waste, underwater and aerospace exploration, mining, "search and rescue" jobs, and for mine search. Lately robots have begun to enter the consumer market in entertainment, and household appliances, such as vacuum cleaners, and lawn mowers.
[edit] Current developments
When the creators of robots first tried to imitate humans and animals, they found that it was very difficult; require considerably more counting power than was available at the time. Thus, the emphasis of development is changed to other areas of research. A simple wheeled robot is used to experiment in behavior, navigation, and path planning. The navigation technique has evolved into a commercially available autonomous robot control system; the most recent examples of autonomous navigation control systems available today include laser-based navigation systems and Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) from ActivMedia Robotics and Evolution Robotics.
When the technicians are ready to try the robots running again, they start with hexapoda and many other legged platforms. These robots mimic insects and arthropods in form and function. The trend toward this type of body offers great flexibility and is proven to adapt to a wide range of environments, but the cost of adding mechanical hassle prevents consumer adoption. With more than four legs, these robots are statically stable which makes them work easier. The purpose of a two-legged robot research is to achieve a walking motion using a passive-dynamic movement that mimics the human movement. However it is still in the next few years.
1920
The idea of a robot is nothing new. Long enough humans dream of smart mechanics that can replace human tasks. The discovery of toys and automated equipment that then inspire robots in the form of pictures, stories and movies, became the beginning of its development. The term robot was first used in 1920 by Czech writer Karel Capek (pronounced "Chop'ek") with his work "R.U.R" or Rossum's Universal Robot where a man makes robots and robots kill his creator. Many later films depict robots as unfriendly tools or as destructive machines as opposed to the meaning of robots (robots) in the Czech language which means forced labor.
Some famous films such as starwar tahun1977 with menampillan robot C3PO and R2D2 just display the robot as a human assistant as well as human enemies. Robot in this movie looks like a human or the term "Android"
1941
In 1941, the term robotics was used in robotic technology by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. He also predicted the emergence of advanced industrial robots in the future. If we see today, then what he imagines is proven where the rapid development of industrial robots today. The term robot revolution, robot age or robot era has become commonplace to explain that development. Robotics is accepted as a term or word to describe all technological advances associated with robots.
1956
Georde Devil and Joseph Engelberger formed the first robot company to know 1956. Devil predicts the robot will become an important part in the industry as a factory operator and assist workers in running the plant machinery. A few years later or exactly 1961, General Motors first used the robot for its automotive plant. Industrial robots then developed and began to be widely used in 1980 by companies other than automotive where electronic and computer developments make modern robots born.
In Japan
Karakuri ningyo, a Japanese term meaning mechanical doll or automata, was discovered in the 18th and 19th centuries. karakuri means "mechanical equipment for games, entertainment, or surprises", so it can be said that in karakuri contained magical things or elements of mystery, while ningyo means "person and form" (written in two kanji letters). thus can be regarded as a doll or a statue.
Karakuri can be divided into three main types namely:
- Butai karakuri (karakuri stage), used for the theater world
- Zashiki karakuri (tatami room karakuri), is a small type of karalkuri and is used as an element of room decoration
- Dashi karakuri (karakuri car festival), used in religious events or festivals, featuring traditional myths or Japanese legends.
The three types of karakuri are considered to have a major influence on the development of Japanese theater world such as Noh, Kabuki, Bunraku.
originated from the creation of the yakaka-hiki doji mekamik karakuri doll (early archer) by Tanaka Hisashige (1799-1881), first made in the late Edo period (early 1800s), using the aid of threads and mechanisms similar to timers or timers , assisted by springs so as to shoot four arrows at the target with very expressive like a human archer in kyudo (archery sport). some mechanical movement of karakuri at the time came from simple mechanisms, such as springs, ropes, gears, to exploiting the burden of mercury (mercury), water, and sand.
Today, karakuri has evolved into:
- Matsuri karakuri, used for the purposes of the festival
- Kogyo karakuri, used for entertainment purposes such as puppet shows
- Zashiki karakuri, used for decorative purposes (decorative elements) in the room.
Thus, it can be concluded that the development of Japanese robotics today is like the saying "Manifestation of dreams or expectations of a nation that exists today is a reflection of the dreams or expectations of its predecessors".
Today
The shape of a robot like humans is no longer considered even though the development of robot android or humanoid still going on and experiencing improvement. Now robots are industrial workers or in the form of hand and arm that are controlled by computer and can be changed its function by editing program robot. This form of industrial robot is better known today than robots resemble humans.
The question now is whether the robot will replace humans? The robot's ability to do all the human work is still far from both the skill and the intelligence and freedom. Robot is now an industry model instead of Android and we can not equate intelligence to robots because it works based on commands that are entered by humans as a program. Robots can perform all human movements such as taking, touching, pulling etc. but the robot can not think. Scientists and Engineers try to develop artificial intelligence for robots (AI = Artificial Intelegent) but to make robots think like human beings are still very far away.
The robot's ability to perform human movements greatly helps the industrial world such as automobile industry, welding processes, assembly, displacement and more. Precise repetitive motion is one of robot's superiority than humans in order to obtain constant and standard production results.
An industrial robot must be programmed to perform all steps of movement or work before it is used. This initial stage can be called assembling or building robot thinking patterns. The workpiece must be in place in a fixed and unchanged place during the process (although now the progress of object recognition is advanced but in practice the workpiece must still be positioned in a fixed place). If the workpiece misses its position then the process will be wrong and the robot can not correct it. Robot can not see and hear. He can not sense objects and predict errors and robots do not have the ability to adopt new situations that occur around them.
Robot provides its own advantages for industrial workers and a country where it can improve the quality of human life as it is free from saturating, dirty and risky jobs or in 3D Dull, Dirty and Dangerous. True that the robot will cause unemployment but do not forget the robot also created the field of work; Robot engineer, Technician, Sales, Programmer and Supervisor / supervisor. Robot provides benefits for the industry due to increased output and quality improvement. Industrial robot tireless and complaining, he can work tirelessly day and night with the same performance. As a result, the cost per unit of products will drop, increase profitability and give a positive impact on the market and the world economy as a whole.