INTRODUCTION
The present work describes the improvement project in the management of preventive maintenance specifically referred to the substations that supply electric power to each of the circuits belonging to the Sucre Municipality of the Portuguesa Biscucuy state. This document contains the necessary information to understand and evaluate the maintenance management applied to Electric Substations.
Likewise, this project starts with the interest of boosting the electricity supply in Biscucuy and that at the same time will allow the favorable conditions in the operation of the electrical equipment that are the most affected due to the electric failures caused periodically, in this way it will be lent a better quality of service maintaining the commitment with the society and the security of the inhabitants of the Municipality and the surrounding areas, which benefit from the electric service
CHAPTER I
The strategic plans of preventive maintenance have become today a fundamental tool in every company. These make it possible to foresee the faults keeping infrastructure systems, equipment and installations in complete operation at the optimum levels and efficiency; detecting faults in their initial phase and correcting them at the appropriate time.
For Russell Ackorf, a prominent consultant defines the "Strategic Plan as a process of deciding before action is required." (1999) p. twenty.
According to the author Sainz de Vicuña (2012) refers to the Strategic Plan as a master plan in which management picks strategic decisions that the organization has adapted, in reference to what it will do in the coming years to allow it to be more competitive and meet your expectations (p.15)
Likewise, for Martinez Pedros and Milla Gutierrez (2005), a Strategic Plan is a document that synthesizes the current and future positioning of the company at an economic-financial level.
For this reason the S / B Sucre municipality, in charge of the distribution network of the upper area of the Portuguese state, serves four circuits such as Biscucuy, Palo Alzado, San Jose de la Montaña and Cerro Sagua with a total distribution by each circuit of 13.8 KV, due to the high demand in the consumption of electricity product of the high population
Existing which the number of interruptions and the duration of them represents a serious problem, which affects both the user and the company.
In consideration of the foregoing, a preventive maintenance plan is proposed to optimize the electrical service of the Biscucuy Municipio Sucre electrical substations in the Portuguese state, whose purpose is the interest to increase the availability and reliability when using the electrical equipment that they provide. support to the productive process of the whole affected area due to the electrical interruptions caused periodically, in this way it will be possible to reduce failures and downtimes by increasing the availability of the equipment, improving the use of resources and helping to increase the useful life of the machinery and facilities, managing to reduce the costs caused by the repair of breakdowns. As utility of the project, it is proposed that the electrical substations of the Sucre Municipality have a guide manual to develop their management of preventive maintenance, which allows the reliability of the Biscucuy electrical system.
Also, one of the solutions to this problem is to improve the adjustment maintenance, replacement of the S-phase D184 disconnector of the 36 MVA 115 / 13.5 power transformer and also carry out the weeding in the area where they are located within the strategic plan. the substation in order to prevent and optimize the useful life of the potential equipment and to guarantee the electrical fluid of this entity and the other circuits that make it up. This is why the need to implement a project where a preventive strategic plan is designed to optimize the electric service in the Biscucuy substation Sucre municipality of the Portuguese State.
That is why, the problem of electrical service can be solved given the possible solutions that are posed: preventive strategic plan in the substation 34.8 of Biscucuy with the purpose of optimizing the electric service, and thus avoid the constant failures
Accordingly, the following questions will be raised, which will be answered in the development of the project.
Justification of the Investigation
The population grows every day, more and more users demand a quality electric service, therefore the electric system is subject to a constant demand for growth, distribution networks increase along with the activities of maintenance aimed at preserving and guaranteeing the quality of the service.
The arguments presented, include the reasons that allowed the researcher to select the topic, which was known to dialogue with part of the workers and the head of management, which shows a number of deficiencies in the S / B in terms of distribution of electric power in the municipality that significantly affect the electric service in the area. In this sense, the search for information was generated, which guides the diagnosed need, which is justifiable from the theoretical point of view, since through the thematic analysis contents will be described that allow to understand with certainty the object of study, which is It becomes an input to confront reality and thus the researcher can generate an alternative solution.
This is why, as a utility of the project, it is proposed that the electrical S / B of the Sucre Municipality have a manual guide to develop its management of preventive maintenance, which allows the reliability of the Biscucuy electrical system. Likewise, with the elaboration of this Maintenance Plan it will be possible to organize all the information of the critical equipment for the operation of the Electric Substations and thus provide a service of optimum quality.
Scope
Nowadays it has been possible to verify the benefits of carrying out preventive maintenance to the electric substations, so that they can maintain themselves in optimal operating conditions, to reduce the possibilities of faults and thus guarantee the continuity of the electric service.
The implementation of the preventive strategic plan will be very useful since it will allow improvements in the quality of electric service in the municipality and the surrounding areas.
Delimitation
In this regard the time to achieve the purpose of the investigation, it was established from May to August 2018.
Limitations
The limitations found are determined by not defining the aspects of the subject to be developed in time with the research advisors, given that several reasons were argued that could affect the study in the long term.
CHAPTER II
REFERENTIAL FRAME
This chapter points to the theoretical framework or reference framework, in this regard, Hurtado y Toro, (2010), explains that "it is the project space designed to illustrate to the reader about: the research already done on the problem studied the theoretical parameters from which we understand our research problem "(p.60). Next, the theoretical parameters on which the study is based are expressed. In the first place, the antecedents carried out around the thematic raised on the other hand the theoretical bases are exposed the diverse theories that serve as support to the investigation, as well as also the legal bases and the operationalization of variables.
Research Background
The antecedents, according to Hurtado y Toro, (ob.cit.), Are all those research works that precede the one that is being carried out, with the object of study present in the research that is being done. From the investigative point of view, the studies related to the preventive maintenance plan, the following studies are indicated here:
In this regard, Fernández, I. (2014) in his research work entitled Preventive maintenance plan for Substation S / B Corinsa with its associated circuits in the company Corpoelec Región Aragua, oriented its study to the integration of activities through the channeling in
maintenance plans in the distribution networks, taking into consideration the statistics of the quality of service indicators, such as the number of switches, the duration and the total time of the interruption. In this sense the research is framed under the feasible project modality, the methodology was adapted to a field and descriptive investigation because it has as an object, to register the information to interpetrate the study and allow to highlight the most relevant characteristics and distinguish them among others. that may have some influence on the problem. The population under study to the elements and electricity of the Cornisa Substation. The techniques applied in this investigation were direct observation, review of historical data and the respective statistical analysis. Allowing to develop a Maintenance Plan that includes steps of systematic routines focused on the reduction of economic losses. The author concluded that the Maintenance Plan could be implemented in other circuits of incidence in switches and thus improve the number of circuits belonging to the different technical districts.
Also, López, N. (2014). It proposes a work entitled designing a maintenance plan based on reliability for the electric system of the railway line that operates on the Caracas-Tuy section, administered by the State Railways Institute (IFE). The work presented a description of the electric system of the railway lines, the design characteristics and their operating rules. Immediately after describing these points, they begin with the development of the methodology, for the design of the maintenance plan based on reliability, which consisted of: Carrying out an inventory of the equipment and its manuals, defining the operational context, functions and possible failures of each asset, apply an Analysis of Modes and Effects of Failure. This information was recorded in the information sheet of the RCM, then they applied a criticality analysis of the failures, in order to determine which were the most critical and give priority to the time of serving them, finally with the help of the logical decision tree, determined the maintenance tasks for each physical asset, these tasks were recorded in the RCM decision sheet. As a result of the study carried out, they proposed a maintenance plan for 2014, which allows identifying the activities that must be applied every day of the week. In addition, a proposal was prepared to carry out the follow-up of maintenance, in this proposal a series of documents was presented that allow to carry out a better control of the maintenance activities and facilitate the elaboration of future maintenance plans, together with this The application of a series of indicators for maintenance management was proposed, which provide valuable information about maintenance.
In the same way Olmedillo, J. (2013) in his degree work Design a preventive maintenance plan for the power equipment of the ENELVIS Electrical Substation, in Maracaibo Zulia state, to apply for the Electrical Engineer title. Whose purpose for the work was based on the previous maintenance plan, taking into account changes that were determined during the analysis of the plan for the year 2013. During this investigation, the basic terms necessary to know thoroughly what related to preventive maintenance that was studied The company carries out its assets, especially the power equipment of the substations. Methodologically, this work was developed in three (3) phases, which describe the aspects necessary to meet the objectives planned in this research, reaching the conclusion that there were opportunities for improvement in the plan for the year 2012 that will be taken in account for the elaboration of the plan of the year 2013, especially in the increase of the inspections. Each of the aforementioned antecedents is related to the research work since they describe the importance of the strategic plans in the maintenance and proper functioning of the equipment in the electrical substations.
Theoretical Bases
According to Arias (2012), states that "this implies a broad development of the concepts and propositions that make up the point of view or approach adopted, to support or explain the problem posed" (page 32). That is why it is necessary to design a Strategic Plan for Preventive Maintenance that Optimizes the Electric Service of the S / B 34.5 KV of Biscucuy Municipality Sucre of the Portuguese State, in order to allow improvements in the quality of the electric service. Here we present the various aspects that underlie the research, considering the objectives set for it.
Plan A plan is an intention or a project. It is a systematic model that is elaborated before carrying out an action, with the aim of directing and channeling it. In this sense, a plan is also a document that specifies the necessary details to carry out a work. A plan is first and foremost the consequence of an idea, generally and in order to achieve an optimal organization, it will take the form of a written document in which that idea will be expressed together with the goals, strategies, tactics, guidelines and policies to follow in time and space, as well as the instruments, mechanisms and actions that will be used to achieve the proposed purposes and that were the motivation of the plan. The resource of writing it on a sheet or typing it on the computer will avoid forgetting, losing or other issues that threaten the continuation of the project. Meanwhile, the plan is also characterized by its dynamism, since a plan does not turn out to be a static instrument without movement, on the contrary, it will always be on the lookout and aware of the modifications that are necessary to make it based on the results that they are getting. It is very common and a very useful tool for future companies, which before becoming such, take hold of the so-called business plan to position themselves and see if the initiative they propose in the medium and long term is viable and profitable. With this, what is done is to avoid unnecessary expenses or losses of time in projects that can not make sense and most importantly: it allows you to control the business you want to do with respect to the dreaded failure. In addition, the plan allows its organizers to reflect on the initial idea, look for the best alternatives and give shape to a coherent discourse that will be the one that finally and eventually, is the key to the success of the company, because the plan will also act thus, as a kind of letter of presentation of the same so that in the initial times the investors or the future and possible partners and clients approach. Among the essential elements that should contemplate any business plan are: characterize and differentiate the product or service that will be offered, the curriculum of those responsible, including studies and skills of the people who will be part of the company, an analysis of the market in which it must compete, the operations it will have, the financial forecast and the financing mechanisms.
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