To sponsor someone else, you just send steembasicincome 1 STEEM and the name of the person you want to sponsor, and you and that person both get another share. They'll send you a .001 steem transfer with a memo saying you've been enrolled when processing is complete. (You'll be able to see it in your Wallet history.) You can grow the power of the upvote you get from them by upvoting their daily posts, too.
As for seeing the power of your upvote, check out https://steemworld.org/@willchristiansen - Steem World provides a lot of other super useful info too.
Also, just glanced at your following list- you should generally try to keep your follow list small, just people whose posts you're actually excited to read and upvote, otherwise it gets crowded and not very useful. I've been on here for months and I only follow 37 accounts, including yours.