There are many programming languages like CSS, JavaScript, PHP, Jquery, C++ and many more. You need to learn programming languages if you wanna start your own website. Its better to start with HTML first.
Not necessarily "programming languages". HTML is a very "light" language, more like a browser language than a programming language. What it does, mostly, is to shape the content. It's like describing what the text or images will do in terms of appearance.
"Normal" programming languages are much more complex because they can do all sorts of things. Most of the time, web developers can get away with not learning any actual programming languages.
Yes this is what we worked with back in 95 when i was starting out as a web designer !! Its more a content controller than a language, java is a language it allows you to..... if this .......then that ....you know program functionality!! html is more 10 pix left and right , border = 1 etc !! Very basic, but i do believe that all pages even today need the HTML bracket at the beginning and end of all pages content information to work.... but then i might be wrong ,if i am sure someone will tell me !