Between 1588 and 1795, the territory which is now the Netherlands, was the Netherlands Republic of the Seven States combined. In 1795, the country was conquered by the French troops and became the Batavian Republic. Napoleon appointed his brother Louis Roi in 1806, and the Netherlands became a kingdom. After the fall of Napoleon, the Netherlands remained a kingdom. The territory of Holland contributed the most to this period to the economy and prosperity of the whole country. Abroad, therefore, Holland had become a common name for the whole country.
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Yep! I for instance live in both, in the Netherlands and in the province of South Holland. :D