Good to see you're getting out here on the interwebs. Some tips for introductory posts. People usually verify themselves with a picture and a writing of their username with the date. Also check out this post for how to make money on Steemit. Good luck!
How does the arrow button work next to the $ sigh (I have no idea what that's called..) and do you actually have to pay for it from your own money?
No you don't pay for the up vote with your money. Your Steem Power gives weight to the system to grant the content creator more steem.
Then why when I press it the value of the pay out doesn't increase?
Due to your very small reputation (based on many factors and one which is the amount of steem power you own)
How can I change my avatar or edit my profile, I am SUPER new to this.. I'm a total noob 😂
No. No one can change the avatar for now. The site is still in beta mode. They're adding new things every day. Your post might also get better traction if it is under the main tag 'introduceyourself'
My main account is @bryanj4 check out my intro post.