Turks have never forgotten the Treaty of Lausanne 11, which caused the reduction of the geography of the modern Turkish state, and forcing it to give up large territories that were belonging to it.
So it was not strange to be tackled by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, during regular meetings with the Turkish mayors to send historical and political message to outside before the inside, with interest of Turkey to get rid of the effects of the Convention and the restoration of its rights, which were usurped by the Allies and Turkey considers also the texts of the Convention are unfair to its rights?
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The modern Turkish Republic was founded according to the Treaty of Lausanne 1923 , which concluded with the victorious Allies in the First World War, they are : the United Kingdom (Britain), Ireland, France, Russia, Italy, Britain , noting Britain has developed a number of unfair and painful conditions to the rights of the Ottoman Empire, as the abolition of the caliphate, and the exile of caliph and his family outside of Turkey, and the confiscation of all his assets, and the declaration of a secular state, and to prevent Turkey from oil exploration and to consider the Bosphorus Strait which links between the Black Sea and the Marmara Sea, and then to the Mediterranean as an international corridor that it is not entitled to Turkey to obtain fees from ships passing through it .
And by 2023 the period of the treaty ends , which has passed a hundred years, and here we understand Erdogan ‘s comments, as Turkey will enter a new era, and will begin oil exploration and drilling a new channel linking between the two seas Black and Marmara as a preparation to start collecting fees from passing ships.
Hence, one can understand some aspects of the ongoing dispute now between Turkey and the West.
The date of the Treaty:
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After the end of the First World War in 1918 , the victorious allied powers concluded “Treaty of Sevres” on 10 / August 1920, and shared under which the territory of the Ottoman Empire, and gave most of the non- Turkish nationalities in the Ottoman Empire the independence, but the Turks rejected this treaty and fought a fierce war against allies until they have achieved a great victory over them, especially on Greece during the 1922-1923 war.
Subsequently, the “Lausanne II Conference” was held , which its works lasted three months, and resulted in the signing of the “Treaty of Lausanne” an international peace agreement on July 24 in 1923 in the “Beau Rivage Plus” hotel in Lausanne , southern of Switzerland, the parties of the Treaty include the victorious powers after the First World War (especially Britain, France and Italy), and the Ottoman Empire , who headed its delegation to the Conference , Ismet Inonu, and formally on basis of which the Ottoman Empire was divided , and the Turkish Republic was founded under the presidency of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk: (1881 – 1938), is the leader of the Turkish National Movement that occurred in the aftermath of the First World War, who defeated the army of Greeks in the Greek – Turkish war in 1922, and after the withdrawal of Allied troops from Turkish territory, he took the city of Ankara as his capital, and founded the Republic of modern Turkey, and abolished the Islamic caliphate, and declared a secular state.
Ismet Inonu: (1884 1973), is the second President of the Republic of Turkey , where he took over the presidency from November 11, 1938 to 22 March 1950 and had served as Turkey ‘s prime minister several times in the following periods from 1923 to 1924 and from 1925 to 1937 and from 1961 he formed ten governments, also he served as Turkey ‘s foreign minister from 1922 to 1924, and the post of Chief of General Staff from 1920 to 1921, and became the leader of the Republican people ‘s Party from 1938 to 1972.
The most important of the contents of the second Treaty of Lausanne:
• the demarcation of the borders of the empire of the Ottoman Caliphate , which Western countries at the time have called it by the “sick man”, which established for the Turkish modern national state led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and its capital Ankara.