Absolutely not. A proper university degree (honorary degrees don't count) simply means that a person completed a specific course of study, by passing a certain set of classes. The degree merely serves as an indication that the university is satisfied that the recipient of said degree is sufficiently competent in their chosen field of study. While certain jobs may request or require that an applicant have a degree in a specific field, the degree by itself cannot predict the future career path and/or success of the person who earned it.
Some of the [arguably] most successful people in the world never got proper degrees. Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard, Paul Allen dropped out of Washington State University, and those two co-founded Microsoft and would both eventually become multi-billionaires. Many wealthy celebrities in the entertainment industry never got degrees (e.g. pop music stars Taylor Swift and Katy Perry). On the flip side, there are many people who graduated with one or more degrees but either couldn't find work or could only find menial jobs with low pay.
I myself am one of those people who couldn't get a job after getting a university degree in financial economics and being eligible to sit for the CPA exam. I ended up going the self-employment route, doing various things online, before eventually getting into casino gambling. My university degree has thus far contributed nothing towards my success in life, and the only scenario in which I could see the degree possibly enhancing my chances of career success would be if I were to find a job working in an East Asian country like China or Japan.