I would imagine that in some cases, having a transparent public ledger would cause some businesses to pause, but in reality, it might actually prove useful, especially when it comes to taxes and showing earnings and expenditures. Businesses who might want to hide certain things because they don't want to pay so much in taxes, or because certain activities are less than legal are trying to hide those regardless and would be reluctant to use anything that might out them.
My guess is, though, that most businesses either don't know enough about blockchain technology to make a decision, or they've determined that it isn't the best way to go about storing their data. I understand that it isn't particularly efficient or fast, compared to centralized data storage, and perhaps some other reasons on top of that. If so, it's not so much the transparency, it would be things like cost effectiveness along with whatever speed requirements they might have.
There will be a need to address any and all of those issues, however, if widespread acceptance from business is to take place.