The Nearest Planet with the Sun is Planet Mercury.
Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and also the closest to the Sun with a revolution of 88 days and a rotation of 59 days. The brightness of the planet ranges from -2 to 5.5 in apparent magnitude but is not easily visible because of its viewing angle with the small Sun (with the widest range of 28.3 degrees. Mercury can only be seen at dawn or maghrib. Not so much known about Mercury because only one spacecraft that had approached it was Mariner 10 in 1974 to 1975. Mariner 10 only managed to map about 40 to 45 percent of the planet's surface.
Similar to the Moon, Mercury has many craters and also does not have natural satellites and atmospheres. Mercury has an iron core which creates a magnetic field with a power of 0.1% from the strength of the earth's magnetic field. The surface temperature of Mercury ranges from 90 to 700 Kelvin (-180 to 430 degrees Celsius).
The earliest recorded observations of Mercury began from the time of the Sumerians in the third millennium BC. The Romans named the planet the name of one of their gods, Mercury (also known as Hermes in Greek mythology and Nabu in Babylonian mythology). The astronomical symbol for mercury is an abstraction from the head of Mercury the god with a winged hat over caduceus.
The Greeks in Hesiod's time named Mercury Stilbon and Hermaon because before the fifth century BC they thought that Mercury was two different space objects, one only appeared at sunrise and the other was only visible at sunset. In India, Mercury is named Buddha (बुध), the son of Candra the moon. In Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese cultures, Mercury is called a "water star". The Hebrews call it Kokhav Hamah (כוכב חמה), "the star of the heat" ("the heat" means the Sun). Mercury diameter is 40% smaller than Earth (4879.4 km), and 40% larger than the Moon. The size is also smaller (although denser) than Jupiter, Ganymede and Saturn satellites, Titan.