Everyone knows that the highest mountain is Everest. Can you name the second in height? Or at least three of the TOP-10 list? And how many in the world do you know about 8000?
№10. Annapurna I (Himalayas) - 8091 meters
Annapurna I - the highest peak of the Annapurna mountain range. The height of the mountain is 8091 meters. Takes the tenth place among all the peaks of the world. Also, this peak is considered to be the most dangerous - the mortality rate of climbers for all climbs is 32%, but in the period from 1990 to the present, the mortality rate has decreased to 17%.
The name Annapurna in Sanskrit translates as "Goddess of Fertility".
Conquered the summit for the first time in 1950, the French mountaineers Maurice Erzog and Louis Laschenal. Initially, they wanted to conquer Dhaulagiri, but found it impregnable and went to Annapurna.
№9. Nangaparbat (Himalayas) - 8,125 meters.
Nangaparbat - one of the most dangerous for the ascent of the mountains among the mountains of eight-thousanders. The height of the summit of Nangaparbat is 8,125 meters.
From Europeans for the first time the peak was noticed in the 19th century by Adolf Schlagintweit during his trip through Asia and made the first sketches.
In 1895, the first attempt to conquer the summit was made by alpinist Albert Frederick Mummery. But he died along with his guides.
Then there were several more attempts to conquer in 1932, 1934, 1937, 1939, 1950. But the first successful subjugation occurred in 1953, when Hermann Boule - a member of the German-Austrian expedition led by K. Herligkoffer ascended to Nangaparbat.
Nangaparbat has a mortality rate among climbers of 21%.
№8. Manaslu (Himalayas) - 8156 meters.
Manaslu (Kutang) is a mountain that is part of the Mansiri-Himal mountain range in Nepal.
In 1950, Tilman made the first reconnaissance of the mountain and noted that it is possible to climb it from the north-eastern side. And only 34 years later, after several unsuccessful attempts to conquer the summit, on January 12, 1984, Polish climbers Ryszard Gaevski and Maciej Berbek climbed to the top Manaslui summit for the first time, subduing it.
The death rate among climbers at Manaslu is 16%.
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№7. Dhaulagiri I (Himalayas) - 8167 meters.
Dhaulagiri I - the highest point of the Dhaulagiri mountain range in the Himalayas. The height of the summit is 8167 meters.
From 1808 to 1832, Dhaulagiri I was considered the highest peak in the world. Mountaineers paid attention to it only in the 50th years of the 20th century, and only the eighth expedition managed to conquer the summit. The team of the best mountaineers of Europe under the leadership of Max Eiselin conquered the summit on May 13, 1960.
In translation from Sanskrit dhāvala or gave means "white", and kettlebells - "mountain".
№6. Cho-Oyu (Himalayas) - 8,201 meters.
Cho Oyu is the sixth highest mountain in the world. The height of Cho-Oyu is 8201 m.
The first successful ascent was accomplished in 1954 by an Austrian expedition consisting of Herbert Tihi, Josef Jehler and Pazang Dava Lama. For the first time an attempt was made to conquer such a peak without oxygen masks and cylinders, and it was a success. With its success, the expedition opened a new page in the history of mountaineering.
To date, on the top of Cho-Oyu, 15 different routes have been laid.
№5. Makalu (Himalayas) - 8,485 meters.
Makalu is the fifth highest peak in the world. Located in the central Himalayas, on the border of Nepal with China (Tibet Autonomous Region).
The first attempts to climb began in the mid-50s of the 20th century. This can be explained by the fact that most of the expeditions wanted to conquer Jomolungma and Lhotse, and Makalu and other less famous neighboring peaks remained in the shadows.
The first successful expedition happened in 1955. French climbers led by Lionel Terrai and Jean Cozy conquered the summit on May 15, 1955.
Makalu is one of the most difficult peaks for climbing. Success is achieved by less than 30% of expeditions.
To date, 17 different routes have been laid on the top of Makalu.
№4. Lhotse (Himalayas) - 8516 meters.
Lhotse - the fourth highest peak in the world, with a height of 8516 meters. It is located in the territory of the Tibet Autonomous Region.
The first successful ascent was accomplished on May 18, 1956 by a Swiss expedition consisting of Ernst Reiss and Fritz Luchsinger.
Of all the attempts to climb Lhotse, only 25% succeeded.!
№3. Kanchenjunga (Himalayas) - 8586 meters.
Kanchenjunga takes the third place in the ranking of the world's highest peaks. The height of the summit is 8586 meters.
Until 1852, Kanchenjunga was considered the highest peak of the world, but after calculations based on the data of the expedition of 1849, it was proved that the highest mountain is Everest.
For the first time the mountain of Kanchenjunga was conquered on May 25, 1955 by George Band and Joe Brown.
On all the peaks of the world, there is a tendency to reduce mortality over time, but Kanchenjunga is an exception. In recent years, mortality in climbing to the top has reached 23% and is only growing. In Nepal, there is a legend that Kanchenjunga is a mountain-woman who kills all women trying to climb to its top.
№2. Chogori (Karakorum) - 8614 meters.
Chogori is the second of the highest peaks in the world. Chogori was first discovered by the European expedition in 1856 and was designated as K2 mountain, that is the second peak of the Karakoram.
The first ascent attempt was made in 1902 by Oscar Eckenstein and Alistair Crowley, but ended in failure.
The conquest of the summit occurred in 1954 by an Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio.
To date, 10 different routes have been laid on top of K2.
Climbing the Chogori is technically much more difficult than climbing Mount Everest. According to the danger, the mountain ranks second among the eight-thousanders after Annapurna, the death rate is 24%. None of the attempts to ascend to the Chogori in winter was unsuccessful.
№1. Jomolungma (Himalayas) - 8848 meters.
Jomolungma (Everest) - the highest peak of the Earth.
In translation from the Tibetan "Jomolungma" - "Divine (jomo) Mother (ma) of vital energy (lung)". The mountain is named after the goddess Shebáb Cháhmma of Bon.
The English name "Everest" was given in honor of Sir George Everest the head of the geodetic service of British India in 1830-1843. This name was proposed in 1856 by the successor to George Everest Andrew Voe after the publication of the results of his collaborator Radhanat Sikdar, who in 1852 for the first time measured the height of "Peak XV" and showed that he is the highest in the region and probably throughout the world.
Until the first successful ascent to the summit in 1953, about 50 expeditions were conducted to the Himalayas and the Karakorum (to Chomolungma, Chogori, Kanchenjunga, Nangaparbat and other peaks).
May 29, 1953 Everest conquered the New Zealand mountaineer Edmund Hillary and Sherp Tenzing Norgay.
In subsequent years, the highest peak of the world was conquered by mountaineers from different countries of the world - the USSR, China, the USA, India, Japan, and other countries.
For all time when trying to climb Mount Everest, more than 260 people died on it. Nevertheless, more than 400 people are trying to conquer Jomolungma every year.
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