The Beautiful Periwinkle photograph Natural '

Catharanthus roseus in Kerala
Vinca From a garden at Cox's Bazar
Bangladesh
Flower bud in West Bengal , India .
Garden Plant in India & Pakistan
Common garden plant in India & Pakistan
Catharanthus roseus in Pakistan
Grown in Malaysia
Flower plant raised in India Temples
Fruits and seeds
White rosy periwinkle
Pacifica Burgundy Halo – Madagascar Periwinkle
Red cultivar of Madagascar Periwinkle
Potted Plant in New Delhi
Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus
Whole plant
References

^ Flora of Madagascar: Catharanthus roseus
^ " Catharanthus roseus " . Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) .
Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 12 December 2017.
^ Steenis ex Bakhuizen f., Blumea 6: 384. 1950.
^ a b G.Don , Gen. Hist. 4(1): 95. 1837.
^ Markgr., Adansonia, ser. 2. 12: 222. 1972.
^ Woodson, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 124. 1938.
^ Bakh. f.Blumea 6 (2): 384. 1950.
^ Markgr. Adansonia, ser. 2. 12: 222. 1972.
^ Steenis Trop. Nat. 25: 18. 1936.
^ a b c Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening . Macmillan
ISBN 0-333-47494-5 .
^ a b c Flora of China: Catharanthus roseus
^ College of Micronesia: Catharanthus roseus
^ Jepson Flora: Catharanthus roseus
^ a b DrugDigest: Catharanthus roseus
Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "Catharanthus roseus" . Orpheus Island Research Station – James Cook University. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
^ "Factsheet – Catharanthus roseus" . Queensland Government. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
^ "Growing Periwinkle" . Gardening knowhow official website . Gardening knowhow. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
^ "RHS Plantfinder - Catharanthus roseus " . Retrieved 12 January 2018.
^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 16. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
^ van Der Heijden, Robert; Jacobs, Denise I.; Snoeijer, Wim; Hallard, Didier; Verpoorte, Robert (2004). "The Catharanthus alkaloids: Pharmacognosy and biotechnology". Current Medicinal Chemistry . 11 (5): 607–628.
doi :10.2174/0929867043455846 .
PMID 15032608 .
^ Karasov, Corliss (2001). "Who Reaps the Benefits of Biodiversity?" (PDF).
Environmental Health Perspectives . 109 (12): A582–A587. doi : 10.2307/3454734 .
PMC 1240518 . PMID 11748021 .
^ Marcone, C.; Ragozzino, A.; Seemuller, E. (1997). "Dodder transmission of alder yellows phytoplasma to the experimental host
Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle)". Forest Pathology. 27 (6): 347–350. doi :10.1111/j.1439-0329.1997.tb01449.x .
^ Chang, Chung-Jan (1998). "Pathogenicity of Aster Yellows Phytoplasma and Spiroplasma citri on Periwinkle".
Phytopathology . 88 (12): 1347–1350.
doi :10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.12.1347 .
^ Gansäuer, Andreas; Justicia, José; Fan, Chun-An; Worgull, Dennis; Piestert, Frederik (2007). "Reductive C—C bond formation after epoxide opening via electron transfer". In Krische, Michael J. Metal Catalyzed Reductive C—C Bond Formation: A Departure from Preformed Organometallic Reagents . Topics in Current Chemistry. 279 . Springer Science & Business Media . pp. 25–52.
doi :10.1007/128_2007_130 .
ISBN 978-3-540-72879-5 .
^ Cooper, Raymond; Deakin, Jeffrey John (2016). "Africa's gift to the world". Botanical Miracles: Chemistry of Plants That Changed the World . CRC Press . pp. 46–51.
ISBN 978-1-4987-0430-4 .
^ a b c Keglevich, Péter; Hazai, Laszlo; Kalaus, György; Szántay, Csaba (2012).
"Modifications on the basic skeletons of vinblastine and vincristine" . Molecules . 17 : 5893–5914. doi :10.3390/molecules17055893 . PMID 22609781 .
^ Raviña, Enrique (2011). "Vinca alkaloids". The evolution of drug discovery: From traditional medicines to modern drugs .
John Wiley & Sons . pp. 157–159.
ISBN 978-3-527-32669-3 .
^ Hirata, K.; Miyamoto, K.; Miura, Y. (1994). " Catharanthus roseus L. (Periwinkle): Production of Vindoline and Catharanthine in Multiple Shoot Cultures". In Bajaj, Y. P. S.
Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 26 . Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. VI . Springer-Verlag . pp. 46–55. ISBN 978-3-540-56391-4 .
^ Faller, Bryan A.; Pandi, Trailokya N. (2011). "Safety and efficacy of vinorelbine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer" .
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology . 5 : 131–144. doi :10.4137/CMO.S5074 .
PMC 3117629 . PMID 21695100 .
^ a b Ngo, Quoc Anh; Roussi, Fanny; Cormier, Anthony; Thoret, Sylviane; Knossow, Marcel; Guénard, Daniel; Guéritte, Françoise (2009). "Synthesis and biological evaluation of
Vinca alkaloids and phomopsin hybrids".
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry . 52 (1): 134–142. doi :10.1021/jm801064y .
PMID 19072542 .
^ Hardouin, Christophe; Doris, Eric; Rousseau, Bernard; Mioskowski, Charles (2002). "Concise synthesis of anhydrovinblastine from leurosine". Organic Letters . 4 (7): 1151–1153. doi :10.1021/ol025560c .
^ Toki, Kenjiro; Saito, Norio; Irie, Yuki; Tatsuzawa, Fumi; Shigihara, Atsushi; Honda, Toshio (2008). "7- O -Methylated anthocyanidin glycosides from Catharanthus roseus ".
Phytochemistry . 69 (5): 1215–1219.
doi :10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.11.005 .
PMID 18164044 .
^ Translated by Livio III Ceballos García,

External links
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Madagascar rosy periwinkle
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Catharanthus
Species: C. roseus
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