Shaykh Al-Azhar full name Abdullah ibn Hijazi ibn Ibrahim Al-Syarqawi. He was born in the village of Thawilah, Bilbis, Syarqiyyah, in 1150 AH / 1737 AD
After memorizing the Quran under the guidance of his father, Al-Syarqawi went to Al-Azhar and studied among others to Shaykh Al-Shihab Al-Malawi, Shaykh Al-Shihab Al-Sha'idi, Shaykh Al-Jauhari, and Shaykh Al- Damanhuri. Since studying at the oldest Islamic university, Al-Syarqawi has paid close attention to the Sufi world and lives with simplicity and humility, even to the point of becoming Shaykh Al-Azhar.
After studying, Al-Syarqawi devoted himself to his alma mater. In 1218 AH / 1861 CE, when the 11th Shaykh al-Azhar, Ahmad ibn Musa Al-'Arusi, died, Al-Syarqawi was elected to succeed him. At that time the French military expedition under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte entered Egypt.
With his position, Al-Syarqawi was appointed as a member then Chairman of the Egyptian National Council. However, he still can not be subdued by Napoleon. As a result, during the occupation of French troops, Al-Syarqawi twice thrown into prison. However, his anti-colonial attitude remained unshakeable.
During his time in Egypt, between Dzulqadah 1212 H / May 1798 AD until Rabid Al-Awwal 1214 H / August 1799 AD, Napoleon Bonaparte was interested in Islamic law, especially with regard to marriage, inheritance, will, grants, muamalah laws, even including commercial law, and so on.
Therefore, he asked Al-Syarqawi to help the team he formed to draft a new Western Civil Law by imitating Islamic law. In addition to Napoleon, the team consists and Portalis, Tronchet, Bigot de Preameneau, and Malleville. When Napoleon returned to Paris, he subsequently established the law known as the Codification of Napoleon.
After the French troops left Egypt, the easily recognizable Syaikl Al-Azhar with this enormous turban still remained incompatible with the authoritarian ruler and oppressed the people. This attitude remained until he died on Thursday, 2 Syawwal 1227 H / 8 October 1812 M.
Al-Syarqawi left a number of papers, including Al-Tuhfah Al-Bahiyyah fi Thabaqat Al-Shafi'iyyah, A1-'Aqa'id Al-Masyriqiyyah fi 'Ilm Al-Tauhid, Hasyiyah' ala Syarh Al-Tahrir, Syar / Al-Liikam Al- 'Atha' iyyah, Raba'AI-Fu 'ad, and Fath Al-Mubdi bi Syarh Al-Zubaidi.
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