Well, you are correct about the Ten Commandments being singled out as written with the finger of God. I forgot about that one, but I still say you are missing the point.
All of those laws were given to the Jews. All of them. They never were given to Gentiles, and they were never intended to last forever. This is why the New Testament authors and Jesus simply called them all "The Law." The entire sacrificial system, Sabbaths, festivals, and all the rest of it.
There is a new Covenant, and the Old has been made obsolete: Heb 8:13
In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away.
The New Covenant is better: 8:6
But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises.
Jesus is the new High Priest so there is a New Law: 7:11-12
If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it people received the law,) what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchizedek, and not be called after the order of Aaron? For the priesthood being changed; there is made of necessity a change also of the law.
The Ten Commandments are the old Covenant: Ex 34:28
And he (Moses) was there with the Lord for forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, not drink water. And he wrote upon the tables----- the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments.
Responding to the scriptures you quote:
Matthew 22: Jesus is indeed quoting the Old Testament. He is God, and as God changes not, we should not be surprised to see Him reinforce His Commands to His Covenant people, the Jews, to whom Jesus was speaking.
Jesus is constantly chastising the Scribes and Pharisees for following the letter of the Law and missing the heart of it. Here he points it out again.
Deuteronomy 64-9: Hear oh Who??? Oh yeah, Israel. Do you write the ten commandments on your head?
Jesus did indeed change His Law, and I gave you the scriptures. John 13:34
A -------New Commandment----- I give unto you, That you love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.
Leviticus 19:18 is the verse Jesus is repeating. Love your neighbor as your self. That is your law that you hold on too and you should because it testifies of the second tablet of stone written by the finger of God. The greatest commandment testifies of the first tablet of stone written by the finger of God.
We are in agreement more than you know. I just believe God’s Law is still the standard we strive to hit but we need God to hit the mark.
You know, I am aware of how much we agree. Otherwise, I wouldn't waste my time discussing these things. I appreciate that we can have a discussion like this in a good natured way. I just believe that God's law is the Law of Christ, and not the Mosaic Covenant. God may have written the Ten Commandments with His finger, but He gave the New Covenant Laws with His mouth. Either way, we sure can't hope to live up to either without Jesus.