Geneticists and medical researchers to add, subtract, or change the DNA sequence in various parts of the genome. Since it is the simplest, most versatile and sensitive genetic manipulation method currently available, it is of great interest in the scientific world.
Component: An enzyme called Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA)
Cas9 enzyme: The genome serves as a "molecular scissors" to cut two DNA strands from specific locations. DNA fragments can thus be added or removed.
gRNA: It consists of a small pre-designed RNA sequence (about 20 bases) in a longer RNA skeleton. The long RNA skeleton binds to the DNA and the pre-designed sequence guides Cas9 to its genomic point. So the Cas9 enzyme cuts the right places.
How Work ?
The guide RNA is designed to find and ligate a specific sequence in DNA. The guide RNA has complementary RNA bases of the target DNA sequence in the genome. This means, at least theoretically, that the leader RNA will only bind to the target sequence in the genome. By following the Cas9 guide RNA, it goes to the relevant site in the DNA and creates a truncation in the two strands of DNA. At this stage, the cell realizes that DNA is damaged and tries to repair it. Using the DNA repair mechanism, scientists can make changes in one or more genes of the cell they are interested in.!
By this method, a creature that has been extinct can be designed from scratch. it is also a method that can be used to treat diseases that are noticed during birth, especially when treating diseases.
Thank you for reading.
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