Thanks for your comment!
Last year there was something in the press about someone who claimed to have come up with some formula, from which he could deduce the laws of Newton and Einstein, but which managed to explain the known universe without the need for dark matter.
To comment on this I will need more information. Although most alternatives I know about rely on modified gravity setup where one recover Newton in some limits. This may be the same.
To discuss discoveries, for the moment we don't know. Both hypotheses (with or without dark matter) still survive data and are thus well alive. Time will tell us (hopefully).
Not entirely sure, but I believe it was this theory here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropic_gravity
Ah ok, E. Verlinde's theory. I was not thinking about that one. This theory is being tested, and passed a couple of tests. There are however more to come.
That is all I know about it. I must however admit I haven't read the articles... :)