No, he was working with the prior knowledge. Medical knowledge he has acquired, specifically about bactieria.
He wasn't born with that knowledge. He had come up to this idea after all the experiences and knowledge he acquire from other people (their books, lectures, shared ideas etc). Wright Brothers idea continued on ideas of others who were before them. They had to learn their skills and had to be influenced and inspired by knowledge from people before them.
The idea that someone can come up with some idea without influence of the environent is an arrogant idea. It suggests that human is the only entity in universe that can work (or think) without being affected by the environment.
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