The earth has a magnetic field, which protects it from the radiation of the Sun and the outer space. This magnetic field is called a magnetic shield. The shield ensures the existence of the biosphere and life on Earth.
Those planets where there is no magnetic field are considered dead compared to the Earth, despite the fact that there may be signs of life. From time to time on the Sun there are active phenomena: mass ejections, flashes, shock waves.
These phenomena lead to the emergence of energy particles that fly from the Sun in all directions, including in the direction of the Earth, and fall into the magnetosphere.
Other phenomena that arise due to magnetic storms are auroras. At the poles, the magnetic field enters the Earth in the form of open lines of force. The magnetic shield of the Earth does not let energy particles pass and protects the Earth, preventing particles from moving across the field.
But the energy particles can penetrate at the magnetic poles. Invading the atmosphere, they interact with atoms of the atmosphere and create a colorful glow, which we call polar aurora.
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