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Most cosmologists trace the birth of the universe to the Big Bang 13.7 billion years ago. But the new analysis of the remnants of radiation generated by the explosion indicates that the universe began to be created billions of years before and has gone through many birth and death events, and the Big Bang is the last event in a series of explosive blasts.

This shocking thought was put forward by theoretical physicist Roger Penrose of the University of Oxford in England and Vahe Gurzadyan of the Yerevan Institute of Physics and the University of Yerevan in Armenia, against the current theoretical standard of cosmology known as inflation or inflation.

The researchers base their findings on the circular patterns they found on the microwave background of the universe, the remaining microwave light from the Big Bang. Its circular elements indicate that the universe itself cycles past its end and end periods, Penrose and Gurzadyan said.

These circular elements are areas where temperature variations in other uniform micro wave uniforms are smaller than average. Penrose says that these elements can not be explained by the highly successful inflation theory, hypothesizing that the newly created universe is experiencing enormous growth bursts, buoying from something on the size scale of an atom to a size of one grape for the first split second universe. Inflation will remove such patterns.

"The existence of large scale coherent elements in this form of microwave background seems to contradict the inflationary model and will be a very different marker of Penrose's model of the cyclic universe," cosmologist David Spergel of Princeton University commented. However, he added, "The paper does not provide enough details about the analysis to assess the reality of these circles." Similarly, as quoted from ScienceNews (26/11/10).

Penrose interprets these circles as something that provides the means to look past, past the last of the most intense Blast Glass walls, to the period of the previous universe. He points out that the circles are generated by a collision between the giant black holes that occurred during the previous period. Collision of black holes will create the dissonance of gravitational waves that ripple in space due to mass acceleration of the mass. The waves will be circulated and uniformly distributed.

According to Penrose's mathematical details, when the uniform distribution of gravitational waves from the previous period enters the present period, they are converted into energy pulses. The pulse provides a uniform kick to the portion of dark matter that is the invisible material that makes up more than 80 percent of the mass of the universe.

"Therefore the dark matter material along the blast has this uniform characteristic," Penrose said. "This is what appears to be a circle on the sky's microwave background of our universe, and it should look like a fairly uniform circle."

Each circle has a temperature variation lower than the average, as he and Gurzadyan found when they analyzed data from NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe spacecraft, abbreviated WMAP, which scans the entire sky for nine years, and balloon-borne experiments BOOMERANG Who examined the microwave setting in a small part of the universe.

Because the team found the same circular elements using two detectors, Penrose said it was unlikely he and his colleagues were deceived by instrumental noise or other objects.

But Spergel said he was worried that the team had not taken into account the variations in WMAP data noise levels obtained from different parts of the sky. WMAP examines different regions of the sky with unequal time allocations. Microwave background maps generated from these areas studied the longest having lower noise and smaller variations recorded at the microwave light temperature. The maps with the lower noise can artificially produce the circles Penrose and Gurzadyan attribute to their cyclic universe model, Spergel said.

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A new, more detailed map of the microwaves' background of the universe, now being worked on by the European Space Agency's Planck mission, could provide a more definitive test of the theory, Penrose said.

The controversial discovery was published on arXiv.org (17/11/10).

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Source: Http: //arxiv.org/abs/1011.3706