Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon that occurs because of the shifting layer of rocks in the earth or due to volcanic eruptions
Global plate tectonic movement
Source: Wikipedia
Sculpture of Atlas
Source: Wikipedia
A little mention of what we have described in the last article. People of primitive times often associate natural phenomena with a certain confidence. The ancient Greeks as a simple claimed the Atlas movement that bears the earth over its shoulders as the cause of the earthquake.
In Greek mythology, Atlas is the god of earth bearer. The ancestors of the tribe of ougandans in Africa believe the earth is located above a stone in a Victorian lake and an earthquake occurs when the god Muassasa walks around the lake. Tibetans believe that the earth is carried by a big toad when the frog moves the body, there is an earthquake.
Brahmins believe that the earth once was stolen by a giant snake placed above the seventh heaven. By the help of Lord Vishnu, the earth can be recaptured. However, now the earth can no longer float above the water. As a result, the god Vishnu ordered the first seven guardians of the heavens to carry the earth in turn. Every time there is a change of bearer, an earthquake happens.
Trust is almost similar to the different content owned by Romanians. They believe the earth is supported by three pillars; The pillar of loyalty, the pillar of hope, and the pillar of pity. These three pillars are parallel at first but can be lame when the good of the world is reduced. It is one of these pillars that leads to an earthquake.
As science progresses, an understanding of earthquakes develops. In the context of science, the outline of earthquakes is divided into two, namely tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes. The tectonic earthquake is an earthquake caused by a shift of layers of rock in the earth. This type of earthquake is regional (broad) and can have terrible consequences if the shock occurs on a large scale. A number of terrible events recorded historically by tectonic earthquakes, for example, occurred in Japan in 1933 resulting in 366,262 houses destroyed in Tokyo and claimed 59,056 died. In Yokohama 11,615 houses were destroyed, 23,440 people died, 3,183 were missing, and 42,053 people were injured. In 1920 in China there was also a tectonic earthquake that claimed 200,000 died. In Indonesia, a large tectonic earthquake occurred in 1926 in Padang Panjang, then in Java during the Japanese colonial era. The quake is estimated to cost around 4,000 people.
Source: kouzinet
What causes tectonic earthquakes to occur? A theory many geologists accept in answering this problem is the theory of "Plate Tectonics" which states that the surface of the earth consists of over the plates. Simply we can imagine like a boiled egg with cracked skin. One another from the plates moving each other; there is a collision, there is a mutual away, and there are each other rubbing. Any plate motion can cause vibration, especially in the collision area and the friction region of two plates.
In orange and red is the Indo-Australian plate, shown as divided between the Indian Plate and the Australian Plate
Source: Wikipedia
The tectonic position of Indonesia as mentioned above has finally brought consequences on the following points:
The Indonesian archipelago is the most active area in earthquakes. About 1/10 of the world's earthquakes occur in this area. Luckily, the seismic centers in Indonesia are mostly located at sea, so that is why the earthquakes felt in Indonesia are not very strong and destructive.
The Indonesian archipelago is rich in volcanoes. Of the approximately 500 volcanoes, 128 volcanoes are active. The number of volcanoes in Indonesia is estimated at 15% of the world's total volcanoes. This is rational and can be understood as a consequence of the existence of collision areas that produce magma due to the melting layer of rocks that infiltrate down. These magma rise to the surface through weak areas or fractures of the earth's crust, forming volcanoes on the surface, and allowing the formation of mineralized areas.
Satellite image of the Piqiang Fault, a northwest trending left-lateral strike-slip fault in the Taklamakan Desert south of the Tien Shan Mountains, China
Source: Wikipedia
Sumatera Fault known as Semangko Fault
Source: Gempadang.wordpress
In Aceh, in addition to being passed by the Semangko Fault, there are also many small faults some of which are actively shifting-especially when there is a booster element in the form of plate infiltration. The Activity of this number of faults, resulting in side effects such as ground motion in areas that have unstable and unstable rocks. Small earthquakes that often occur and we feel in Aceh is an indication of the active process of infiltration of oceanic plates.
Source: Thinklink.com
The second type earthquake is a volcanic earthquake. This type of earthquake is not as tectonic earthquake as it is local. That is, the vibration of the earth's stomach is only felt by areas close to the volcano area. The radius of vibration depends on the size of the volcano eruption.
Source :
- id.wikipedia.org
- Adriansyah, Faizal, 2012, Aceh Laboratorium Bencana, Banda Aceh.
My previous post:
You reminds me to Aceh and Mentawai Earthquake @seaworld.
Thanks a lot sir. It was the beginning explanation about eartquakes. In other occasion, I would like to discuss about Aceh eartquake deeply. Hopefully become a learning material for us in facing of what might happen later.
I am wondering whether you had already witnessed volcanic eruptions? This should be quite common on Aceh, shouldn't it?
Not yet sir, I have never witnessed and felt vulcanic eruption in Aceh. A year ago a mountain eruption took place in North Sumatera, exactly Seubayak mountain. We in Aceh felt the volcanic ash flown by the wind to the Aceh's sky, but did not felt the shock due to it was very far from the epicenter.
I think many active volcanoes in Aceh, such as Mount Seulawah Agam in Saree, but has not erupted.
Thanks for your answer! :)
You are welcome
Thanks a lot @steemiteducation. Really appreciate what you have done in developing educational resources on steemit.
Congratulations @seaworld!
Your post was mentioned in the hit parade in the following category:
Thanks a lot @arcange for mentioning me in your hit parade. Really nice to get in the hit parade. It was an amazing action you have done sir. Have a nice day.