Introduction:
To understand how food gets heated in a microwave oven, one must understand physics inside it . we have to understand following terms.
Terms:
- Electric and Molecular dipole
- Water molecule as an example of molecular dipole
- Behavior of microwaves
- Interaction between water molecules and microwaves
Electric dipole:
Two equal and opposite charges separated by some distance is called an electric dipole.
Molecular dipole:
Many molecules have such dipole moments due to non-uniform distributions of positive and negative charges on the various atoms.
Water molecule as an example of molecular dipole:
Due to non uniform distribution of positive and negative charges hydrogens behaves positively and oxygen behaves negatively.Treating this system like a negative charge of 10 electrons and a positive charge of 10e, the effective separation of the negative and positive charge centers is 3.9 exp -12 m
Behavior of micowaves:
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves i.e they consist of electric and megnetic filels vibrates perpendicular to each other. The electric field of microwaves reverse its direction in 0.0000000002 sec.
Interaction between water molecules and microwaves:
Water molecules behaves partially positive charge from one end and partially negative from the other end where as microwaves electric field is fluctuating due to this water molecules starts vibrating in the external electric field of microwave.
Main Idea: In a microwave oven the electric field of the microwave radiations tends to rotate the dipole moment of water molecule into allignment with the field. Materials such as food, during the angular motion of water molecules they collide with each other and friction between neighboring molecules converts into heat i.e rise in temperature. That is how food is cooked.
Reference:
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