Inflamnation is mediated by prostaglandins produced by the cyclooxygenase pathway.
NSAIDs inhibit this pathway and serve as combined anti - inflammatory , antipyretics and analgesics .
NSADs are often classified on the basis of their chemical structure.
• Salicylates : aspirin, diflunisal, 5- aminosalicylate , sodium salicylate , magnesium salicylate , sulfasalazine , olasalzine.
• Acetic acids : indomethacin , diclofenac , sulindac , etodolac, ketorolac ,tolmetin.
• propionic acids : ibuprofen , naproxen, fenoprifen , ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, oxaprozin.
• Fenamic acids : meclofenamate, mefenamate.
• Enolic acids : piroxicam
• Ketones : nabumetone.
Therapeutic Effects.
NSAIDs have three primary therapeutic effects.
1 Analgesia : Non - selective NSADs are used as analgesics for moderate pain of musculoskeleatl and inflammatory origin ( headachea, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis, rheunatoid arthritis, gout ,surgical pain , tendonitis, and bursitis.
2 ANTI - PYREXIA due to infections , inflammation, malignancy. These drugs do not influence body temperature when it is elevated by factors such as exercise or in response to ambient temperature.
3 Anti - inflammatory : NSAIDs also function as anti- inflammatory agents in many of these conditions and ulcerative colitis.
Other Clinical Uses are:
• Systemic Mastocytosis
• Bartter's Syndrome
• Cancer Chemoprevention
•Niacin Tolerability
•Anti - thrombotics.
NSAIDs Toxicity
Non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs affect the gastrointestinal , CNS , hepatic , renal, hematologic ,and ,skin systems and also cause allergic phenomenoa.
Conclusion
Non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs are useful as an anti - inflammatory, antipyretics , analgesics and also better than steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs as the later has side effect as atherosclerosis but then NSADs toxicity can cause numerous illness as listed above. NSAIDs has also contraindications such as in peptic ulcers
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