At first glance I like your inflation solution, though I don't know enough about the entire ecosystem to know if it would have any negative effects. You've hit on something I feel though, and I really hope a discussion with more economically minded folk spin up a discussion on this topic. I'd like to learn more.
I also like the simplicity of your voting solution. I question as to whether it could be gamed or not, and if it could, does it really matter. I proposed something similar to it with the idea of voting tokens - as I really think we need a more simple voting setup. Hell, maybe we need to remove money from voting and add a heart button for "like", and like is what you allocate your $0.50 budget for the day into. I will say though, the more I think about this new voting solution, the more I might like it as well - I just don't like how confusing it is.
Great points though. I was a bit worried the post wasn't going to be constructive after the first few paragraphs, but it ended strong ;)
Random musings, but I think there's some solid stuff at the end that can be worked on and improved.