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Can you elaborate on what that means? What is a "hard fork," and will those Steem Dollars effectively be removed from circulation (as in disinflation, or am I not understanding)?

Also, why is Null being funded with Steem Dollars rather than Steem?

the same question..!

Hardfork is when they write new instructions into the blockchain program.
I believe they will be removed from circulation but i am not sure.
i presume null is being funded with SBD instead of steem because SBD can be transfered directly and that all the rewards are SBD.