Origin and formation of the Earth

Current mapping of Earth

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Hello dear steemians. The designer and creator of the Earth either divine, extraterrestrial or scientist, makes 4.500.000.000 years when millions of meteorites and asteroids began the laborious task of molding the planet, he never imagined that at the dawn of the 21st century the biological creation most advanced and intellectual world, represent the most destructive threat that has had the Earth in cosmic and geological history.

When an analysis with logical reasoning about different events that contributed to the formation of the oceans and continents such that there are, the first thing that must be highlighted is the oceanic monopoly with a cocktail of molten elements that glided thanks to the extreme temperatures of the primordial atmosphere. Second, already with about 100 million years old, the slow cooling process that originated the solidification of a good part of the cortex; then they are numerous volcanic islands and the rise of the water to the surface for its subsequent evaporation; promoted the water in extraordinary volumes to the atmosphere and mixed with abundant carbon dioxide (CO₂) that maintaining nuclear supremacy.

Geological changes undergone by
the Earth

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Thirdly, the formation of thick clouds that seemed suspended oceans, triggered torrential storms and rainfall, which happened during more than 500 million years and were transforming the surface. The result of the above, was a youth planet in its entirety with a dense toxic atmosphere. However, it does more than 3.500.000 years, with the onslaught of the seas, basaltic lava and ocean force resulted in a partial granitic continental crust that was slowly driving the waters. A fourth event is given in the following 2.000.000.000 years, with the expansion of the continents of granite and evolution of primitive single-celled life. Hereafter, the large regiments of cyanobacteria and Allied microbial populations would act as lungs, taking advantage of the sunlight to convert CO₂ into oxygen. Thus, minimized the iron of the oceans and eliminated CO₂ to have a low oxygen-rich atmosphere, changed the appearance of the planet and the biosphere was configured.

Formation of the Rodinia supercontinent

The emergence of oxygen painted blue ocean waters because the oxidation of iron allowed to clean seas, stromatolites that had invaded almost the whole of the surface, they debugged the air by capturing the carbon and producing oxygen. Having formed a 25% of the continent, 1000.000.000 years ago the powerful force inside of the land continued its expansion process from the deep ocean, convection currents pushing and spinning huge volumes of molten rock, which filtered through the cracks and amounted up to the surface forming new crust and grouped on a single land mass forming the supercontinent called Rodinia.

Does 700.000.000 years, this mega continent whose epicenter was what is today Canada and the United States, was gradually blocking ocean currents that transport heat from the Ecuador to the poles and the balance of this way the temperature at the Poles fell even more, water began to freeze and whitish crust reflected photons from sunlight in abnormal proportions; This process triggered the first and largest glaciation that Earth has suffered, it was a global glaciation.

However, 70 million years later, the huge snowball that originated the supercontinent Rodinia with blocking of ocean currents, returned to be felt from the inside of the kernel. The imbalance of the molten mantle convection currents was delaying the heat and accumulating energy that emerged abruptly in numerous volcanic eruptions that released millions of tons of carbon dioxide, with buried microbial flora under ice, there was no way to break down the molecules of CO₂ and therefore generated a process greenhouse that warmed the planet and made back the ice caused the fragmentation of Rodinia; in this way natural bodies of water shallow were formed and oxygen level rehabilitating organic life soared.

Formation of the ozone layer

530.000.000 years ago, primitive animal and plant life would grow exponentially by the optimum levels of oxygen; However, the atomic oxygen in keeping with the photons of ultraviolet radiation shape the ozone layer through a complex photochemical process. With this chemical shield from ultraviolet radiation different species that were protected by the water could leave the seas and lakes to populate the continents; should be noted, that would have eliminated the powerful ultraviolet rays without the protection of the atmospheric ozone.

Appearance of the layer of ozone in the Earth's atmosphere

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World of tropical swamps

Houma is the capital of the swamps

^{Image attribution pixabay CCO Creative Commons}

The Earth much more mature, with a few 4.100.000.000 years of age, with the increase of the sea level the continents were transformed into huge tropical swamps that contained underground millions of plant and animal species that had been crushed during the various geological events. It is during this period that he begins to form fossil fuels we use today (coal, oil and gas). It was a complex physical, chemical and biological process where fresh and salt water, temperature, moisture, heat and pressure would be key factors for the production of hydrocarbons, which we mainly use on an industrial scale to cover via the needs of life in general.

Pangaea

250.000.000 of years ago, the energy from the interior of the Earth is felt again when in the territory that now occupied Siberia, light the wick of a link of mighty volcanoes starting expel metric tons of molten mantle, this catastrophe is It lasted for years 1,000,000 and simultaneously cause the emission of millions of tons of ash and toxic gases that collapsed the atmosphere. These extreme environmental conditions would annihilate more than 95% of the existing biodiversity and they would be regrouping the crust in the large continent called Pangaea. Without halted the geological and climatic processes, the atmosphere would continue its transformation and with it the few creatures that were saved from the cataclysm would continue its evolution.

Surface that formed the continent of Pangaea
(based on Christopher R. Scotese) Pangaea_(230_million_years_ago).png

^{Image attribution Wikipedia.org Creative Commons 3.0}

As you can see, the historical evolution of the Earth is influenced by a complex internal and external process that has been primarily responsible for the transformation of the terrestrial and oceanic crust. Thanks to the diverse and consequential events geoclimatic e hydrological sculpted impressive landforms and kindly natural ecosystems that embellish the lithosphere. The birth and growth of this planet is worth studying, especially if we take into account that originated as the Phoenix, its transformation from fireball to the planet in its entirety is fascinating; However, it would happen in a liquid state to solid with Frost caused by the supercontinent Rodinia.

Become snowball, it did not stop his transformation. Its inside power would bring about another significant change, the arrival of oxygen in quantities capable of creating a protective chemical shield ultraviolet photon. Ours has been the evolution of the Earth, full of curiosity and surprises, protagonist of major environmental events that almost eradicated all life forms, then returns to flourish, reproduce its biodiversity and improve its surface and water. However, the most advanced and intelligent species which populate it, threatening their existence with destructive models of economic and social developments. In the next installment, I proceed with the separation of the supercontinent Pangaea and the arrival of the Quaternary... (Intelligence and evolution of the Earth # 2.)