What Technologies Exist and Are About To Change The World

These are not in a particular order.

Graphene - This material is harder than a diamond, 300 times stronger than steel, has amazing conductive properties that are better than copper and is super lightweight. This material can improve the strength of our infrastructure, so that we can build bigger and taller, allow the production of even smaller transistors, revolutionizing electronics.
Blockchain - Cryptocurrency is not the only use for blockchain, just the first one to begin to take hold. Blockchain has the potential to digitize currency forever, provide better forms of record and ledger keeping keeping, provide cloud like but cheaper, storage. There are so many possibilities that will be realized with this, you'll see dramatic shifts in the workplace. The middleman may ne up going away.
Artificial Intelligence - This is perhaps the most controversial volition of technology out there. Regardless of your thoughts on the ethics and dangers, people are experimenting with artificial intelligence and just today, the first robot gained citizenship in Saudi Arabia: Sophie gains rights. AI has the potential to change the scientific community, the workplace, the home, everywhere. We'll see what regulation do or do not pop up and this will have an impact on exactly what happens with AI, but I for one am very excited.
Hyperloop - This may revolutionize people ability to get from major city sto another major city in record time. Imagine being able to travel from New York to Chicago in under 30 minutes, well that's the potential of Hyperloop.
Autonomous Vehicles - This has the potential to add hours of time back into the very ones schedules. With a car that drives its of, the person that normally was the driver, has some added to time his day that can b used for us full items or just to relax. Not only that, but in the United States alone, there were omits 35,000 people fatally injured and many more injured. That rate should be drastically cut with cars that communicate with each other, know the position and speed of each other and communicate other potential hazards to each other. This can truly save lives.

In my opinion, you missed the technology of the year in 2019...3D printing.

This is really going to revolution the creation of materials. At present, we are still in the prototyping stage. I believe over the next year, they will increase the speeds to be able to handle some regular manufacturing. It will exist in the traditional 3D printing market, automotive and aeronautical. However, as we enter the 2020s we will start to see a mid-level for 3D printing begin to emerge.

Another that I think it a wild card is quantum chemistry. While quantum computing that rivals present desktop is more than a decade away, I can see the advancements in the next couple years enabling a Google or IBM to rent out time on their quantum computer for quantum chemistry. From what I read, this will be one of the first practical applications for quantum.