The Japanese showed the possibility of digital modulation by single electrons

The National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), together with a number of leading training and research units, including the notorious This opens the way to electronics with extremely small currents, which are only possible, because the current is the flow of electrons and what can be less than the charge transfer by a single electron?

To create an alternating current of the minimum level, an electronic circuit was created that controls a single electron both for creating a direct current, only devices for controlling the period of emission of electrons were added to the circuit. In fact, single electrons were used to digitally modulate a wave of a given shape. By adjusting the time intervals between the emission of electrons using a conventional digital signal that was applied to the contacts of a one-electron gun, the researchers were able to form both a sinusoidal wave and a rectangular wave at the output. This is the usual digital modulation, only the amplitude of the wave was measured by the current values at the level of the energy states of one electron.