Since battery technology is key for multiple applications in our energy-hungry society, there's no surprise there's a lot of research going on. One of them catches my eyes by its cleverness: lithium-air battery.
In fact, lithium-air (Li-air) use lithium as the anode and oxygen as the cathode. The clever part is the oxygen come from the ambient air. It implies that you just need to carry the weight of the anode and some devices to filter and force the air. So, theoretically, the battery should have better specific energy, which is critical for electric vehicle and lightweight electronic.
The big challenge right now, to my understanding, is the long-term performance of such battery. But, I am pretty confident that we'll see some development soon, like pretty much all the battery family.
If you are interested to read more, here's the wikipedia page
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