Imagine that you have an apple. What i want you to do is cut the apple like bread. Now, the first piece from the bottom is a donut shaped piece, the next one is a thicker donut. after some cuts we will be seeing a piece which is circle.
Now i take the shape of those pieces and cut them from cardboard. then i put these cardboards on top of each other. I have a cardboard apple.
The 3d printers works exactly like this but instead of cutting cardboard they melt some plastic and form a layer of the shape that we want to make.
There are 2 essential 3d printer tips
1- FDM(FUSED DEPOSITE MODELING)
In this kind of printers there is a head called hotend which will melt our plastic. Now if i move this head around and extrude plastic i would have made a layer of an object. After finishing a layer i move the hotend one step higher then start printing the next layer. Just as a kid who is putting legos on top of each other.
2-DLP(digital light projector)
In this method we use a monitor which emit UV light to harden a liquid(usually Resin).
What is the diffrence?
Well FDM printers can print much more faster and print bigger but the DLP can print small object with high details.
What is the resolution of 3d printing?
Remember the pieces that i mentioned earlier? Usually the thickness of those pieces varies between 0.06mm and 0.3mm . The other thing that you can change to increase the quality is to put a smaller nozzle(which is the part that the molten plastic come out). Usually the printers use 0.4mm nozzles.
What kind of material can we use?
FDM: PLA, ABS, PETG, FLEXIBLE PLA,etc
DLP: Mostly RESIN
How much time does it take?
It varies by the layer thickness, the speed of hotend, the nozzle diameter, object ...
for example this piece took around 8 hours of printing
https://dlive.io/video/musefsadri/7a1f49b0-9424-11e8-a4be-0242ac110003
And yes there are other methods of 3d printing like SLA, SLS ...
but these two have became more popular
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