Source: atimes.com
Older aircraft carriers were fitted with steam catapults, the newer version involves electromagnetic catapults. Up till recently, steam catapults were considered to be more reliable but after passing thousands of test the electromagnetic version has proved it is worthy. These catapults use a linear induction motor and use a flat deck instead of an upward sloped ramp.
There is still some work to be done in regards to the energy transmission and conservation. This is a huge task as the electromagnetic catapult is a power hog. The US Navy has installed an electromagnetic system in the newly commissioned super carrier Ford.
good post brother @outwalking
Thank you.