Thomas Alva Edison was born on the 11th February 1847, at the city of Milan, state of Ohio, United States of America. His father was the keeper of a Lighthouse on the shore of Lake Huron. As the family was a poor one, Thomas was unable to continue studies at school. Yet he was an agile, persevering and inquisitive boy. When he was about ten years old he set up a small laboratory in the basement of his dad’s workroom. There he spent hours and hours mixing chemicals producing new compounds and recording the results and reactions he observed, on notebooks.
When he was twelve, he started selling newspapers sugar candy, toffees, and lozenges in railway compartments. When he was free, he remained near the primitive telegraph machine of the railway station and observed how the station master operated it. This habit made him learn the basic techniques of telegraphy. He enriched the knowledge by reading books he borrowed from the city library. When he applied for the job of a junior telegrapher in a telegraph company, his application was readily accepted and within few years he rose to the position of a supervisor through hard work.
Though he was doing a good job and earned a good salary, Thomas did not give up experimenting. He was successful in inventing a machine called stock printer. The company that made the order was satisfied with the machine and it paid Thomas a large amount of money. With the money and his savings he bought a land in New Jersey and set up a factory and a laboratory there. The place was named Menslow Park and it became world famous later.
In 1878 Thomas invented the electric bulb with a carbon filament. While experimenting on the bulb he discovered a very important scientific phenomenon. It was named ‘The Edison Effect’ later. This great discovery paved the way for the invention of electron valves that were widely used in the electronic industry of the day a little later.
In 1882 Thomas set up a power generating station at Menslow Park and supplied electricity to a few neighbouring families. A little later he developed the kine-tograph and it was the forerunner of the motion picture camera and the projector.
Edison’s other inventions were the loudspeaker, carbon transmitter, cinema projector, gramophone, telephone and a large number of electronic equipments. By the time of his death, he had patented more than 1000 inventions.
This great inventor passed away on the 18th October 1931 as one of the richest people in U.S.A. and a winner of numerous gold medals.
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