Sanctions on technology only work against smaller economies with limited resources.
When applied to moderate or large economies, they spur those countries to develop their own technologies, accelerating their industry growth.
Additionally, the sanctioning country suffers by losing revenue from tech sales, hindering their own development.
The failure of Western politicians to foresee these consequences is astonishing.
Intensity of sanctions increased dramatically in the last few years:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2024/us-sanction-countries-work/