In my opinion, some of the best black and white images ever produced were created by American photographer Ansel Adams. (I have scattered some of his inspirational quotes throughout this post.) Capturing an image on film was only half the story for him; it was not unusual for him to spend the whole day in the darkroom working on a single image. (Nowadays we use the computer to achieve those results.) He developed a system called the Zone System, which most formal photography students learn to use. It is not just about darkroom techniques, but how to carefully photograph an image in order to get the correct exposure for the varying light in the shot. It is not my intention to write a post about the Zone System, but just to let you know that such a technique exists where a scene is divided into 10 zones of light and darkness.
Dodging and burning are steps to take care of mistakes God made in establishing tonal relationships. (Ansel Adams)
Image ©Diane Macdonald. All Rights Reserved. Camera: iPhone 6S Plus
So often, I hear (to my dismay) photographers saying that their photographs are real because they are just as the camera saw them, and they have done no post-processing. When you see a scene, you see everything from light to dark, including details in the shadows and the highlights, but a camera, without your interference, averages the light in the brightness and shadows and produces an image based only on that average light! The camera cannot see the details in the highlights and shadows like your eyes can! So what is the correct representation of the scene? The way your eyes saw it, or how the camera “saw” it based on some internal algorithm? Remember the camera is a tool used to try to reproduce what you saw!
In other words, when it comes to exposure, most point and shoot cameras simply expose for the average light in the image, not the correct light as it is in reality. DSLR cameras do the same if you set the camera on auto and let the camera figure out the exposure for you. Sometimes it works, especially with a very even kind of lighting, but very often you end up with a photograph exposed properly for a small area of the photograph. It's up to you the photographer to decide how to expose an image properly, not your camera! Even if you are shooting with a cell phone, you can choose the exposure settings. Read the manual for your phone!
There are no rules for good photographs, there are only good photographs. (Ansel Adams)
Most professional photographers know that correct exposure is about more than the average light in the image. In the days before digital, we would use a light meter outdoors to check for the exposure required for the subject matter of the image. I still use a light meter in the studio with my studio lights of course. If the subject matter was a person, then we would meter for the person's face. I do the same today, but with my DSLR camera's metering system. There are metering settings I can choose based on how I want the image to be exposed. Many times, I use spot metering, which has the same effect as using the light meter had in my days of film. I choose what area is most important for exposure. Whatever method of metering I use though, I am usually looking for the correct exposure for the mid-tones.
Simply look with perceptive eyes at the world about you, and trust to your own reactions and convictions. Ask yourself, 'Does this subject move me to feel, think and dream?' (Ansel Adams)
If a photograph is very contrasty (with a huge difference between the lights and darks) we say the photograph has a high dynamic range, meaning that it is impossible to get detail in all 10 zones of the image. That's when we must decide to let the darkest areas go black, or let the white areas get blown out. (Almost always the best decision is to let the shadows go black and to keep the detail in the highlights.)
The single most important component of a camera is the twelve inches behind it. (Ansel Adams)
You have heard no doubt about HDR (high dynamic range) photography. Using that technique, correct exposure is used for all areas of the photograph by shooting at least three shots - one exposed for the highlights, one for the mid-tones and one for the shadows – and combining them all in post-processing to show one image that is as close as possible to what your eyes actually saw! You can even use your phone to do this, so no excuses! A tripod is necessary with a DSLR, and is highly recommended with a phone too!
A great photograph is one that fully expresses what one feels, in the deepest sense, about what is being photographed. (Ansel Adams)
So what does my critique of the winning #wiwcontest photos have to do with Ansel Adams? Well, based on the fact that his photography techniques were taught at the art school I attended, I tend to look at all black and white photography through his eyes, as it were! I was looking for good tonal range and a pleasing composition that evokes feeling ! So, let's take a look!
This image by @ackhoo first of all is an ideal image for black white, as all shades from white through grays to black are represented here, so the scene has a good amount of contrast in it.
There is good tonal range with the blacks being pure black, so most of the detail has been preserved in the highlights. Therefore, exposure is good.
The composition consists of an interesting pattern that keeps the eyes going around and around the photograph, drawing us in by having us look first at the very light area (where the eye always goes first in an image), and then following the spiral.
This image by @snooway also has excellent exposure with good tonal range where all details appear to have been preserved in the highlights and shadows.
The wispiness of the upper part of the clouds and the solid center contrast with each other, suggesting some kind of tension, as if the clouds are going to lift off and move away at any moment.
Perhaps the image would have been more powerful had a slightly wider view been taken in this case.
What makes this image by @youhavewings so powerful, is the way that the clouds really have form with the different shadings of white and gray making it look almost 3 dimensional.
Again, this is an ideal black and white image with tones of white through pure black. In this case, the blacks are without detail, making the detail in the white and gray areas so powerful.
The bird in the center of the shot adds to the pleasing composition. It's as if he has just emerged from the darkness.
In this image by @txatxy there is good tonal range with whites all the way through to black, with good detail in the highlights.
The clouds have form to them because of the pleasing 3 dimensional effect created by the shades of gray, but the composition would have have been much more powerful if there had been separation between the wispy clouds and the rest of them. Perhaps it would have been possible to capture that a few minutes earlier or later.
@erikah's image also has good tonal range with good tones from the whites through the blacks, although a little of the whites are overexposed with no detail. The image has the effect of drawing you into the center, which is the focus of the image, and that's a good thing.
This image by @sunscape is an excellent shot of the sun's rays from behind a big puffy cloud and could have been an actual winner with some good editing. There is not enough tonal range in this shot, so the cloud looks a bit flat – it would have been a spectacular shot if there were blacks in the shot. There are visible dust spots in the shot too, which distracted from its overall beauty!
My last word is that it all depends on what you visualize. (Ansel Adams)
The theme for this week's theme is WHITE TEXTURED BACKGROUNDS. Get your entries uploaded before SATURDAY 14th April at midnight EST for a chance to win! Also, please don't forget to Upvote this post and to add the tag #wiwcontest!
Thanks for taking the time to read this! I appreciate it. Please check out this week's #wiwcontest here!
You have been defended with a 93.06% upvote!
I was summoned by @c0ff33a.
Thank you @lost-ninja and @coff33a. I appreciate that more than you can know!
Well done people! Excellent shots!
Thanks for stopping by and commenting!
These are all amazing, I don't how you would choose the best I love them all.
#thealliance
It's difficult sometimes, but yes they all did a great job!
Thank you for your professional review!
You are welcome!
Awwww, thank you very much, Diane. You don't know how much I appreciate this! I don't have any formal training in photography nor attended any class at all, hence it is good to know I'm on the right track! :) Most of it is gut feel... am glad I got good guts! Lol... Have been a little more busy recently, so I may not have something suitable for this week - although I did take something very appropriate for this theme early on but on closer inspection on the computer, found an irritating shake to it! :( We shall see...
Cheers and have a very good week!
You are welcome! You have a good eye!
Thank you @photography-101 for the very helpful critiques on all the photographs. I missed this posting somehow - kind of a delayed response from me.
Once again, thank you for going the extra mile with these photo contests and teaching so we can grow as photographers.
Congratulations to all the winners - beautiful photos!
Such a good read. Thank you so much for sharing your thoughts on photography and editing them. It has made me re-examine some of my thoughts on editing a photograph.
I loved reading your post. I agree the camera for sure does not see what I see. But... there is a big difference between making a great picture and post-processing it. Personally I think you also need to have an eye for a great shot. Post-processing is a different ki d of art and it is seldom used to change the picture i what the eye saw.
I'm glad to have this kind of work, photography needs it. Thank you very much photography-101
@photography-101
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