~ Islamic philosophy contributor to world civilization ~ series 2 ~

AVICENNA (IBNU SINA - ابن سينا)

Ibn Sina is a famous Muslim scientist in the world. He is a scientist with clever ideas underlying modern medical science. He is widely referred to as "The Father of Modern Medicine." George Sarton calls it "The Most Renowned Scientist of Islam and One of the Most Famous In All Fields of Places, and Times." He was born in the golden age of Islamic civilization, so he is called as the world Islamic figure.

Ibn Sina is also a prolific writer, most of his work deals with philosophy and medicine. It is the only major philosophy in Islam that has built a complete and detailed philosophical system, a system that has dominated Muslim philosophical traditions for many centuries. His most famous works are The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine, also known as Qanun used as a Reference in medicine for centuries.

#biography of the genius
Ibn Sina is the full name of Abū 'Alī al-Husayn bin' Abdullāh bin Sīnā. Ibn Sina was born in 980 AD in Afsyahnah area near Bukhara, now the territory of Uzbekistan (later Persia). He came from a family of Ismaili schools are familiar with scientific discussions, especially given by his father. His parents were a high official in the Saman Dynasty government. He grew up in Bukharaja and studied the philosophy and the sciences of Islam.

When he was 10 years old he learned a lot about the science of Islam and managed to memorize the Qur'an. He was mentored by Abu Abdellah Natili, in studying the science of logic to study the book of Isagoge and Prophyry, Euclidan Al-Magest Ptolemus. After that he also studied religion and Metaphysics Plato and Arsitoteles.

One time he had problems while studying Metaphysics from Arisstoteles. Forty-two times he read it until he memorized every word written in the book, but he could not understand the meaning. Until one day after he read Agradhu al-Farabi (870 - 950 AD) al-Farabi, all the problems got answers and explanations that were bright, as he got the key to all the metaphysics.

Having succeeded in studying the natural sciences and divinity, Ibn Sina was interested to study medicine. He studied medicine on Isa bin Yahya. Although in theory he is immature, but he did a lot of success in treating the sick. Whenever he encounters difficulties, he begs God to be guided, then in his sleep God gives a solution to the difficulties he is facing.

One day when Amir Noah Bin Nasr was suffering from severe pain. Hearing about the greatness possessed by Ibn Sina, finally he was asked to come to the Palace to treat Amir Nuh Bin Nasr so that his health recovered. Since then, Ibn Sina became familiar with Amir Nuh Bin Nasr who has a library that has a collection of books that are complete in the area. So make Ibn Sina get access to visit the most complete palace library that is Pole Khana.
Thanks to the library, Ibn Sina gained a lot of knowledge for his inventions. One day the library was on fire and local people accused Ibn Sina of allegedly burning the library, with the excuse that others could no longer benefit from the library.

Ibn Sina was born in the golden age of Islamic Civilization. At that time many Muslim scholars translated the text of science from Greece, Persia and India. The Greek text from Plato's time, afterwards until the time of Aristotle was intensively translated and developed more advanced by Islamic scholars.

This development is mainly undertaken by a college founded by Al-Kindi. The development of science in this period includes mathematics, astronomy, Algebra, Trigonometry, and medicine. During the Samayid Dynasty in the eastern Persian region of Khurasan and the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Iran and Persian gave a supportive atmosphere for the development of science and culture. In the days of the Samaniyas, Bukhara and Baghdad became the cultural and scientific centers of the Islamic world.

At the age of 22, Ibn Sina's father passed away. The Samanid government led to the collapse. The problems that occurred in the government finally made him have to leave Bukhara. First he moved to Gurganj, he lived for 10 years in Gurganj. Then he moved from Gurganj to Nasa, then moved back to Baward, and moved on and on to learn new science and practice it.
Shams al-Ma'äli Qäbtis, a poet and scholar, in which Ibn Sina expects to find shelter, where around the year (1052) died killed by his rebellious army. He himself at the time was exposed to a very severe disease. Finally, in Gorgan, near the Sea of Kaspi, he visits a friend, who buys a household near his own home where Ibn Sina studied logic and astronomy. Some of Ibn Sina's guidebooks were written for this man, and the beginnings of the Canon of Medicine book were also done while he was living in Hyrcania.

#Medicine and Philosophy
In the field of medicine he presents Al-Qanun fit Thibb, where modern medical science gets a lesson, because the book is in addition to complete, systematically compiled. The Book of Al-Qanun Ibn Sina's writings for several centuries became the ultimate and most authentic reference book. This book explores the general principles of medical science, medicine and various diseases. Along with the rise of the translation movement in the 12th century AD, the book of Al-Qanun is translated into Latin. Now the book has also been translated into English, French and German. Al-Qanun is a collection of methods of ancient medicine and methods of Islamic medicine.

Ibn Sina managed to set up a well-coordinated system of Islamic philosophy. The great work done by Ibn Sina is to answer various philosophical questions that have not been answered before. The influence of Ibn Sina's philosophical thought such as his work of thought and his study of medicine is not only focused on the Islamic world but also penetrating Europe.

Albertos Magnus, German scientist from Dominique who lived between 1200-1280 AD was the first European to write a complete explanation of the philosophy of Aristotle. He is known as the forerunner of Aristotle Christian thought. He was the one who married the Christian world with Aristotle's thought. He recognized the views and thoughts of the great Greek philosophy from Ibn Sina's books. Ibn Sina's metaphysical philosophy is a summary of philosophical themes whose truths are recognized two centuries later by Western thinkers.

#The works of Ibn Sina
The work written by Ibn Sina is estimated between 100 to 250 titles. The famous works of Ibn Sina in Philosophy are As-Shifa, An-Najat, and Al-Cues. His famous work in medicine is Al-Qanun. The outstanding quality of his work and his involvement in the practice of medicine, teaching and politics, demonstrate exceptional levels of ability. In addition, he wrote many short essays called Maqallah. Some of his works include:

-Al-Qanun fi Thib (rules of treatment)
-Asy Syifa (consisting of 18 volumes containing about various sciences)
-Al-Inshaf (the book of true justice)
-An-Najah (book on the happiness of the Soul)
-Al-Musiqa (Books on music)
etc.

In addition to his philosophical work, Ibn Sina left a number of essays and poems. Some of his famous essays are:
-Hayy ibn Yaqzhan
-The Ath-Thair Review
-Sirr Al-Qadar's treatise
-The treatise fi Al- 'Isyq
-Tahshil As-Sa'adah

-Some of his poems are:
-Al-Urjuzah fi Ath-Thibb
-Al-Qasidah Al-Muzdawiyyah
-Al-Qasidah Al-Ainiyyah

In the history of medieval philosophical thought, the figure of Ibn Sina earned high appreciation until modern times. It is the only major Islamic philosophy that has succeeded in establishing a complete and detailed philosophical system, a system that has dominated Muslim philosophical traditions for centuries. Ibn Sina's life was spent on state affairs and writing. At the age of 58 years (428 H / 1037 AD) Ibn Sina died and was buried in Hamazan. Ibn Sina is an example of the great civilization of Iran in his day.