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There wasn't a hard fork but yes as part of Segwit 2x and the NYA there will be a hard fork.

There is no longer any need for a hard fork.

There is always a need for a hard fork, it just takes time.

Need is a subjective word. Even with segwit the blocks will eventually become full again.

So basically the doubling of the the block size will inevitably create a hard fork?

No a hard fork will be needed to double the block size.