Many conflicting ideas on this matter some look back to "spare the rod spoil the child" which simply means discipline brings about a stronger stable mind, not beating a child up literally, many have taken out of context.
Children actually feel loved when given direction in behaviour, something we still see is a child being smacked on the bum when throwing temper tantrums in shops. You cannot always send a child to his room, or ban a phone for a day or two, parents really need to think about how they raise the child from young, before school age.
Religion has been the back bone in many societies which kept a reasonable of check on the people through teachings. Modern society not many believe, which is fine, they need to find a balanced way to manage to instill learning of right/wrong, We are all packed with good/evil needing to find balance in life by not killing each other for next to nothing.
!BEER
The idea that making spanking illegal has saved children from physical is ridiculous. Parents who would hit a child to the point they are injured will do it anyway.
Religion is a good point to bring up, because humans have a need for purpose and in the absence of religion, many can't create a healthy purpose for themselves, so they make religions out of social movements and increasingly extreme ideologies, without the community as a whole to temper it.
As a child always up to mischief with older brothers my bum looked like the stripes on a flag pretty often, lived to tell the story and learned lesson. I think parent feels more pain than the child does, having a wooden spoon for my boys growing up spared my hand sometimes.
Humans need purpose and community, growing up with a father who attended and mother who did not, one learned to appreciate from different angles when young. I don't attend and nor do my children, I did take them when young then by their own selection when teenagers they made their own decisions. Each individual has right to choice, mine is nature yet I am steadfastly against this climate change ideology and how it is being handled.