The text is written first in English and then in Slovak :)
I learned from the poster that a legion train would come to Košice. I could not miss such an opportunity, as I like history. I didn't hesitate and went there.
The Legion Train is a traveling museum that introduces the public to the life of Czechoslovak legions during the First World War and their contribution to the establishment of an independent Czechoslovakia. It is a faithful replica of the train from 1918-1920, which accompanied the legionaries along the Trans-Siberian Highway in Russia.
This part of our history also interests me for personal reasons. My great-grandfather fought in the First World War for the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and fell into Russian captivity shortly after the start of the war. He did not live to see the end of the war and unfortunately died in a prison camp in Siberia. I find out about him from available sources and I saw this as an opportunity to learn more.
I also learned that and I must say that at that time the legionnaires in Russia did not have it easy at all. They added volunteers to the Czechoslovak legions who enlisted in the Tsarist army in Russia, France and Italy. I will deal with legionnaires operating in Russia.
The Czechoslovak Legion began to emerge in 1914 and consisted mainly of Czechs and Slovaks, but its advice was strengthened by other nationalities. The commanders were of Russian nationality.
In 1917, the legion excelled in the Battle of Zborov, and then the Russian government lifted all restrictions on the formation of these units. As a result, more and more units were formed and in 1919 it consisted of 3 brigades. These units formed the Czechoslovak-Slovak army.
The revolutionary events in Russia in 1917 put the Czechoslovak legions in a difficult situation. After the conclusion of the Brest-Lithuanian Peace in March 1918, the legions left Ukraine and were to move through Siberia, the USA to France. They declared allegiance to the caretaker Russian government and a commitment not to interfere in Russia's internal affairs.
However, this move had several complications. The central powers demanded the disarmament of the Czechoslovak legions and the return of the citizens of the Czech Republic and Slovakia to their homeland. At home, they would face the death penalty for treason.
At that time, the Soviet government had already ordered to slow down this transport. As a result, trains with Czechoslovak soldiers on their way to Vladivostok had to stop in cities that were under the control of the Bolsheviks. As a result, these trains encountered trains that carried Hungarian and German prisoners in the opposite direction.
A major incident between the two transports occurred in the city of Chelyabinsk. Someone threw a piece of iron from a train carrying prisoners and seriously injured one of the legionnaires. The Czechoslovak legionaries stopped the train and beat him to death. Local Soviet officials arrested ten legionnaires and refused to release them. As a result, unarmed legionnaires occupied the railway station, disarmed Soviet guards, looted weapons depots, liberated captured species, and occupied the city.
As a result, a week later came an order for all Soviets to disarm the Czechoslovak legions along the entire length of the highway. Czechoslovak troops responded by speaking out against the Soviet government on the entire section of the route. All units from Vladivostok were not evacuated until 1920.
I must say that I had no idea about these events before visiting the legion train. It was an extremely instructive visit to this mobile museum.
Po Slovensky!
Z plagátu som sa dozvedel, že do Košíc príde légiovlak. Takúto príležitosť som si nemohol nechať ujsť, nakoľko mám rád históriu. Neváhal som a vybral som sa tam.
Légiovlak je putovné múzeum, ktorý približuje verejnosti život československých légií počas prvej svetovej vojny a ich zásluhy na vzniku samostatného Československa. Je to verná replika vlaku z rokov 1918-1920, ktorý sprevádzal legionárov po Transsibirskej magistrále v Rusku.
Táto časť našej histórie ma zaujíma aj z osobných dôvodov. Môj pradedo bojoval v prvej svetovej vojne za Rakúsko-Uhorskú monarchiu a krátko po začiatku vojny padol do ruského zajatia. Konca vojny sa nedožil a v zajateckom tábore na Sibíry bohužiaľ zomrel. Zisťujem si o ňom informácie z dostupných zdrojov a toto som považoval za príležitosť dozvedieť sa niečo viac.
To som sa aj dozvedel a musím povedať, že v tom čase to legionári v Rusku nemali vôbec jednoduché. Do československých légií priradzovali dobrovoľníkov, ktorí sa hlásili do Cárskej armády v Rusku, vo Francúzsku a v Taliansku. Ja sa budem venovať legionárom pôsobiacim práve v Rusku.
Československá légia začala vznikať v roku 1914 a tvorili ju prevažne Česi a Slováci, ale jej rady posilnili aj iné národnosti. Velitelia boli ruskej národnosti.
V roku 1917 sa légia vyznamenala v bitke pri Zborove a vtedy ruská vláda zrušila všetky obmedzenia pri formovaní týchto jednotiek. Výsledkom bolo, že sa tvorili ďalšie a ďalšie jednotky a v roku 1919 ju tvorili 3 brigády. Tieto jednotky vytvorili česlo-slovenskú armádu.
Revolučné udalosti v Rusku v roku 1917 uviedli československé légie do zložitej situácie. Po uzavretí Brest-Litovského mieru v marci 1918 opustili légie Ukrajinu a mali sa presunúť cez Sibír, USA do Francúzska. Deklarovali vernosť dočasnej ruskej vláde a záväzok nezasahovať do vnútorných záležitostí Ruska.
Tento presun mal však niekoľko komplikácií. Ústredné mocnosti požadovali odzbrojenie československých légií a vrátenie občanov Česka a Slovenska späť do vlasti. Doma by im za vlastizradu hrozil trest smrti.
V tom čase už sovietska vláda prikázala spomaliť tento transport. V dôsledku toho sa museli vlaky s československými vojakmi pri svojej ceste do Vladivostoku zastavovať v mestách, ktoré boli pod kontrolou boľševikov. V dôsledku toho sa tieto vlaky stretávali s vlakmi, ktoré opačným smerom prevážali maďarských a nemeckých zajatcov.
K veľkému incidentu medzi týmito dvomi transportmi prišlo v meste Čeľabinsk. Z vlaku, ktorý viezol väzňov niekto vyhodil kus železa a ťažko zranil jedného z legionárov. Československý legionári vlak zastavili a dotyčného ubili na smrť. Miestni sovietski predstavitelia zatkli desiatich legionárov a odmietli ich prepustiť. V dôsledku toho neozbrojení legionári obsadili železničnú stanicu, odzbrojili sovietske stráže, vykradli sklady zbraní, oslobodili zajatých druhov a obsadili mesto.
V dôsledku toho o týždeň neskôr prišlo nariadenie pre všetkých sovietov o odzbrojení československých légií po celej dĺžke magistrály. Českoslevenské jednotky na to reagovali vystúpením proti sovietskej vláde na celom úseku trasy. Evakuovať všetky jednotky z Vladivostoku sa podarili až v roku 1920.
Musím povedať, že o týchto udalostiach som pred návštevou légiovlaku ani len netušil. Bola to mimoriadne poučná návšteva tohto pojazdného múzea.
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Ahoj, jsem učitelem dějepisu. Myslím, že české děti Tebou popisovanou anabázi československých legií znají. Jak se o tom učí na Slovensku?
Ten legiovlak jsem si prošel loni na jaře, když stál v Praze na Masarykově nádraží.
Ahoj, mňa história baví a venujem sa jej ako samouk.
Neviem ako je to teraz, ale nepamätám si, že by sme sa v škole zamerali na československé légie a popisovali nám ich takto do detajlu. Ak by to učiteľka spomenula tak by som si ich osud v Rusku pamätal. Skôr boli spomínané v súvislosti s Milanom Rastislavom Štefánikom.
Když jsem já chodil do školy, tak se o legiích neučilo (a vlastně ani nemluvilo.)
Dnes, stejně jako za I.republiky, se o nich zas mluví někdy až moc.
Legiovlak jsem si prohlédl loni. Opravdu stojí za prohlídku.
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Very interesting your relate about this part of the history that involve your great-grandfather in the First World War.
Thank you
Very instructive post about the Czechoslovak legions. Thank you for sharing with us.
Thank you
Legiovlak rozhodně stojí za návštěvu. Viděl jsem ho a se zájmem prohlédl v Křimicích u Plzně před pár lety.
Díky za článek.
!BEER
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